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NATIONAL CELEBRATION 



UNION VICTORIES. 



MARCH CiH, 1865, 



ISTE^V-YORK CITY. 



Gf.OKGE F. NKSBITT & CO., PRLVTERS ANO SFATIONKKS. 

CORNER PEARL AND PINE STKKET3. 
1865. 



NATIONAL CELEBRATION 



UNION VICTORIES. 



^xmiA ^lliim^ m\& ^mt ^twmm. 



MASS MEETING 



UISriOlNr SQUARE, NEW-YORK, 



ARCH 6th, 8865. 



NEW-YORK : 

GEORGE F NESBITT ft CO., PRINTERS AND STATIONERS, 

COR. I'EARI, AND riNK STRKF.TS. 

1865. 



NATIONAL CELEBRATION. 



The surrender of Savannah, the fall of Charleston, the re-posses- 
sion of Sumter, and other brilliant successes of the Union arms, 
induced a number of the prominent citizens of New- York to issue 
the following call : 

Collector's Office, New-York, Februarij 21, 1865. 

A meeting of citizens will be held at this otHce, at one o'clock, on Wednesday, 
22d inst., to adopt measures for expressing the congratulations of the people of 
New-York, on the brilliant successes which have attended the National arms, on 
land and sea, in the recent Southern campaigns. 

You are requested to attend. 
Respectfully, 

MOSES H. GRLNNELL, JOH^ J. ASTOR, Jr., 

MOSES TAYLOR, JOHN C GREEN, 

SAMUEL SLOAN, MAIiSKALL O. ROBERTS, 

CHAS A. HECKSCHER, HENRY CLEWS, 

SHEPHERD KNAPP, R. H. McCURDY. 

This patriotic movement was entered into with zeal and hearti- 
ness by citizens, representing the various liberal professions and 
all classes of mercantile, manufacturing and industrial pursuits. 

The vast assemblage which united in this loyal ovation to the 
army and navy gave undeniable assurance that it was a spon- 
taneous impulse of the popular heart. 

At the meeting of citizens, held in pursuance of the preceding 
call, on motion of Paul Spofford, Esq, , Mr. Moses Taylor was 
called to the Chair, and Messrs. S. B. Chittenden and Samuel 
Sloan were appointed Secretaries. 

The Chairman announced the purpose of the meeting, and Mr. 
Sloan offered the following resolutions, which were seconded by 
Mr. Charles H. Russell : 

PROPOSED CELEBRATION OF UNION" VICTORIES. 

1. Resolved, That the war to quell rebellion which now rapidly approaches its 
inevitable conclusion, involves essentially the prmciples of self-government, 
human freedom aiid Christian civilization ; that the people of the United States 



have abundant cause for congratulation in the knowledge that while successfully 
maintaining, by force of arms, the government of their choice and the life of the 
nation, they are at the same time effectually asserting the inviolable doctrine that 
this Continent is forever devoted to the cause of liberal institutions and republi- 
can government. 

2. Resolved, That the recent signal victories achieved by the military and naval 
power of the United States over the insurgent forces in revolt against the govern- 
ment, caU for the expression of cordial congratulations to ofiBcers, soldiers and 
seamen, who share in the renown of these glorious successes. 

3. Resolved, That the armies led by Generals Grant, Sherman, Thomas, 
Mkade, Sheridan and Terry, and the naval forces serving under the orders of 
Admirals Farragut and Porter, have, by their valor and devotion to duty, 
maintained the integrity of the nation and upheld the honor of its flag, and richly 
deserve the applause of a grateful people. 

4. Resolved, That in brilliancy of design, intrepid energy of action, inexorable 
determination to compel success, the campaign of Georgia and the Carolinas has 
no example in military history, and covers the names of Grant and Sherman 
with imperishable glory. 

5. Resolved, 'J'hat the treacherous assault upon Sumter has been fitly expiated 
in the ignominious flight of the assailants from the soil they had desecrated, 
without a shot fired in defence of a city dedicated to treason. 

6. Resolved, That it is becoming in a free and enlightened people to recognize 
and applaud distinguished public services rendered in the cause of the country ; 
and that the citizens of New-York regard it as a duty to give public expression 
of their gratitude to the heroic men who, under Divine Providence, have defended 
the flag and preserved the honor of the nation. 

7. Resolved, That a committee of citizens be appointed to consider and report, 
at a subsequent meeting to be called by the Chairman and Secretary, in regard 
to the time and manner of celebrating the recent triumph of the Union arms, and 
with the purpose of uniting a whole community, irrespective of all other consid- 
erations, in a grand ovation to the principles of loyal duty to the country and its 
government. 

8. Resolved, That copies of these resolutions be transmitted to the President of 
the United States, to the Governor of this State, and to the several officers 
named therein, and that the same be published. 

Brief remarks were made by Mr.WM. M. Evarts, Mr. P. M. Wet- 
more and others, and the resolutions were unanimous!}^ adopted. 

Judge Davies offered the following resolution, which was 
seconded by Mr. E. L. Stuart, and unanimously adopted: 

Resolved, That the President be requested to send a national ship to Charleston 
harbor to convey thither General Pobekt Anderson, that he may replace, upon 
the flagstaff of Fort Sumter, that national banner, the emblem of our liberties 
and of our Union, which, on the 13th of April, 18Gi, he was compelled to lower 
at the dictation of the traitors of South Carolina. 



The following General Committee was announced by the Cliair- 
man : 



Moses Taylor, 
William B. Astor, 
A. A. Low, 
Hamilton Fish, 
John C. Green, 
E. M. Blatchford, 
Jonathan Stiirges, 
Moses H. Grinnell, 
J. J. Astor, Jr., 
Charles H. Russell, 
Simeon Draper, 
Charles H. Mai-shall, 
A. T. Stewart, 
Marshall O. Roberts, 
R. D. Lathrop, 
Samuel Sloan, 
Isaac Bell, 
Henry Clews, 
Samuel Wetmore, 
James Low, 
William T. Blodgett, 
Henry M. Taber, 
Waldo Hutchins, 
John J. Phelps, 
S. B. Chittenden, 
Denning Duer, 
r. W. Worth, 
James Lenox, 
Edwards Pierrepont, 
William 'M. Evarts, 
Sheppard Gaudy, 
John E. Williams, 
Henry E. Davies, 



GENERAL COMMITTE 

Leonard W. Jerome, 
Benjamin W. Bonney, 
Robert, H. McCurdy, 
Edward jVIiuturu, 
William H. Lee, 
John Austin Stevens, 
James F. D. Lanier, 
Edwin Hoyt, 
Charles H. Ludington, 
Alexander Stuart, 
Wm. M. Tweed, 

A. B. Baylis, 
Joseph Hoxie, 
W. H. Neilson, 
WilliaTu B. Dinsmore, 
E. S. Sanford, 

B. C. Morris, 
Daniel Devlin, 
John A. Dix, 
John A. King, 
William E. Dodge, 
Ezra Nye, 

E. P. Cowles, 
W. R. V.'.rmilye, 
Frank E. Howe, 
Robert L. Stuart, 
George Opdyke, 
Paul Spofford, 
Hon. Chas. P. Daly, 
Henry K. Bogert, 
Elliot C. Cowdin, 
William Seligman, 
W. M. Vermilye, 



Pro.sper M. Wetmore, 
Francis B. Cutting, 

C. W. Sandford, 
Jolm J. Cisco, 
Peter Lorillard, 
Ricliard Schell, 
Henry A. Smytlie, 
George W. Hatch, 
Morris Ketchum, 
George Cal)ot Ward, 

D. B. Fearing, 
M. H. Levin, 
John Alstyne, 

E. P. Shepard, 
Mavvelle W. Cooper, 
Timothy G. Churchill, 
C. J. Anthony, 

Si'th B. Hunt, 
Charles Gould, 
Jolm Steward, 
James W. Beekman, 
Robert S. Hone, 
Thomas C. Acton, 
Hiram Walbridgo. 
William Hall, 
Hcmry Hilton, 
M. T. Brennan, 
W. H. Wel)b, 
John A. Stewart, 
William Kelly, 
Parker Handy, 
James McLean, 
Henry G. Stebbins. 



The following were elected Officers of the Committee : 

MOSES TAYLOR, CVtairman. 



S. B. Chittenden, 
Sam. Sloan, 



ENDEN, } 



Henky Clews, Ti-easurer. 



The meeting thereupon adjonrned, subject to the call of the 
Chairman. 

At a meeting of the General Committee, held on the 2oth gf 
February following, Mr. Wetmore sul)mitted a programme of 
arrangements, which was approved. 



6 

The following; draft of a letter to the President of the United 
States was reported and ordered to be transmitted : 

City OF New-York, February 22, 18G5. 

To Abraham Lincoln, President of the United Slates: 

Sir, — The citizens of New- York eu2:ag-ed in the pursuits of commerce, at a 
public meeting held this day, adopted by a unanimous voice the resolutions we 
herewith transmit. 

In the performance of this agreeable duty, and in the spirit which actuates 
those we represent, we offer you our cordial congratulations on the brilliant 
successes which have signalized the movements and conflicts of the national forces 
by land and sea, and which have shed such enduring lustre on the military 
character of our country. 

We are charged, also, to assure you that, in the judgment of this commercial 
community, the grateful thanks of the American people are due to the President 
of the United States and the ofheers of the Government, for the patriotic, resolute 
and persistent determination shown by them to maintain the honor and to pre- 
serve inviolate the territory of the nation. 

With sentiments of respectful regard, we remain your obedient servants, 

Samuel Sloa.v, \ „ . 

a B. Chittknde.v, ; 'secretaries. MOSES TAYLOE, Chairman. 

The following resolutions, submitted bj Mr. Wetmore, were 
unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the solemn pledges given to the Government by the people of 
the City of New- York, assembled in Union Square, on the 20th of April, 1861, 
have been redeemed with fidelity and honor, and that after four years of bloody 
conflict, when the majesty of the laws has been vindicated, and the National 
Banner restored to the soil of every State in revolt, it is fitting and just that upon 
the same spot the tidings of victory should be mingled with the acclamations 
of a grateful people. 

Resolved, That since the Cities of New Orleans, Memphis, Vicksburgh, Nash- 
ville, Savannah, Columbia, Charleston and Wilmington, freed from the terrors of 
insurgent arms, have again been received under the protecting care of the Govern- 
ment, it is our duty to teach them, by example and acts of kindness, that it is 
safer and wiser to obey the law than to spurn its control. 

Resolved, That the people of the City of New- York do hereby invite the 
co-operation of every loyal municipality in the Union, to unite in a general cele- 
bration of the successes of the Union arms, on Saturday, the 4th day of March 
ensuing, that, by the sound of cannon, the ringing of bells and the upris- 
ing of the people, the national heart may be made glad, and gratitude and honor 
be rendered to the gallant men who have preserved the life of the nation. 

Copies of the following despatch were forwarded to the Mayors of all the prin- 
cipal cities, and several favorable responses were read : 

To the Mayor of .• 

The people of New- York propose a national celebration of Union victories, on 
the 4;th of March next, at mid-day. Will your city unite? 

MOSES TAYLOR, 
t^. B. CHITTENDEN, 
SAM. SLOAN. 



The following letter was received from the President : 

Department of State, Washingtox, 25^/; Feb., 1865. 
To Moses Taylor, Esq., Cliiunnan, und S. B. Chittenden and Saml. Sloan, 
Esqs., Secretaries of a meeting- of citizens of New-York, engaged in pur- 
suits of commerce : 
Gentlemen, — I am directed by the President of the United States to acknow- 
ledge the receipt of your letter of the 22d instant, and of resolutions concerning 
the condition of national att'airs, by whicli that letter was accompanied 

The President and his associates in the Executive Depirtment highly appre- 
ciate these expressions of api)roval and support. Coming, as tliey do, at the 
close of a constitutional term of public service, which lias been tilled with trials 
unknown to any previous administration, these expressions are received, as evinc- 
ing a firm and resolute popular purpose to preserve the Union unbroken, and to 
bring back every erring member thereof to tlie resumption of its lawi'ul obliga- 
tions and the performance of its proper duties, with the consecpient enjoyment of 
the inestimable blessings of liberty and peace. Fully believiug that the loyal 
citizens of the whole country are in entire harmony with the citizens of New- 
York, who are represented on the present occasion, the President cordially 
sympathizes with your committee in the proceedings they have initiated. 
I have the honor to be, gentlemen, 

Your obedient servant, 
(Signed,) WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 



The following Committees were appointed : 
SPECIAL COMMITTEES. 



Eobcrt L. Stuart, 
James Brown, 
Johu J. Astor, Jr., 
Charles H. Marshall, 
Morris Ketclmm, 
Richard D. Lathrop, 
Marshall 0. Roberts, 



1st. — finance. 

Samuel Wetmore, 
A. B. Baylis, 
Henry G. Stebbins, 
J. F. D. Lanier, 
Robert L. Cutting, 
Wm. H. Neilson, 
Leonard W. Jerome, 



Setli B. Hunt, 

Isaac Bell. 

William >1. "S'ermilye, 

FraniisSkiddy, 

Shejipard (rau<ly, 

Shcplierd lvna]>p, 

Horace B. Claiiin. 



Charles P. Daly, 
Henry Hilton, 
George Opdyke, 



Hamilton Fish, 
John A. I)lx, 
A. A. Low, 
John C. Green, 
Simeon Draper. 
JohnE. Williaiiis, 
Waldo Hutcliiiis, 
diaries H. liussell, 
M. H. Levin, 



William T. Blodgett, 
Frank E. Howe, 
Prosper M. Wetmore, 
T. C. Acton, 
Henry M. Taber, 
Jackson S. Schultz, 



-RESOLUTIONS AND SPEAKERS. 
Hamilton Fish, . 

AV^illiam M. Evarts, 
Edwards Pierrepont, | 



3d. INVITATIONS AND RECEPTION 

James Low, 
Richard Scliell, 
Johu A. Steveus, Ji'. 
James McLean, 
John J. Phelps, 
William E. Dodsio, 
R, M. lUatchlord. 
William 11. ^V^■bb, 
John J. Cisco, 



4th. ARRANGEMENTS. 

Marvelle W. Cooper, 
E. S. Sanford, 
Frank W. Worth, 
Elliot C. Cowdin, 
Charles F. Blake, 
Wm. Seligman, 
Wm. H. Lee, 



Elliot F. Shepard, 
William F. Allen, 
Bcnj. W. Bonne V. 



John Steward, 
ICilward Aliuturn, 
Robert H. McCurdy, 
•lohn A. Stewart, 
E/.ra Kye, 
ParkerHandy, 
Robert S. Houe, 
George fJabot Wai-d, 
Matthew T. Brenuan. 



Peter B. Sweeny, 
Wm. M. Tweed, 
Charles G. CorueU, 
Douglas Taylor, 
L. \\ . Winchester, 
•losiah Heddeu. 



The officers, ex officio, were added to tlie Connnittces. 



8 

The following notice was made public : 

The Committee of Arrangements for the proposed celebration will be in con- 
stant session at the Aster House, Rooms Nos. IS and 19, during the week. All 
communications relating to the military parade, civic procession, telegraphic 
despatches from other cities, and other matters relating to the active details of 
the celebration, may be addressed to Ool. Frank E. Bowe, Secretary of the 
Committee of Arrangements. Civic societies, public bodies, private manufactur- 
ing and industrial establishments, with their emblems of trade and commerce, 
are respectfully invited to unite in this patriotic demonstration. The working- 
men of New-York always form a marked feature on such occasions, and it is 
hoped that they will participate in celebrating the triumphs of the army and navy 
of the Union. Private citizens mounted are invited to form a part of the pro- 
cession under such directions as may be designated. 

By order of the General Committee. 

MOSES TAYLOR, Chairman. 
S. B. Chittenden, 1 „ < • 
Samuel Sloan-, ' \ ''Secretaries. 

On the 28th- of February, the General Committee again met to 
receive the reports of the Special Committees. 

Col. Frank E. Howe, from the Committee on Arrangements, 
reijorted progress. 

The Committee on Resolutions was continued with power to 
prepare resolutions for the Mass Meeting in Union Square. After 
some remarks by General Sandford, in reference to the propriety 
of postponing the celebration ten days from March 4th, a reso- 
lution to this eifect was offered by him, and seconded by the Hon. 
G. P. Daly. Replies in favor of adhering to the original programme 
were made by Messrs. Wetmore, Chittenden, Shepard, Sloan 
and Stewart, and the resolution was negatived. 

By the action of the municipal authorities and other public 
bodies, resolutions were passed expressive of their sympathy with 
the movement, and recommending the suspension of all business 
after 12 M. on the day of the celebration. 

By invitation of the Committee of Arrangements to the Fire 
Department, through its Chief Engineer, the hearty co-operation of 
the department was proffered to lend its attractions to the general 
festivities of the day. 

From this time the Committee of Arrangements was in constant 
session at the Astor House, from d A. M. to 6 P. M., and at the 



9 

Fifth Avenue Hotel or Maison Doree, in the evening, in preparing 
the necessary details for the Procession and Mass Meeting, until 
Friday evening, March 3d, when the arrangements were perfected 
for the celebration on the following day. 

At a meeting of the committee, held on Thursday evening, 
March 2, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Brig. Gen. Hall was duly 
appointed Grand Marshal of the day. 

The appointment was accepted, and from this time the General 
was in constant intercourse with the committee in perfecting the 
arrangements for the grand procession. 

The Committee had given notice that should the weather prove 
unfavorable, the flags would be struck on the principal hotels at 
9 o'clock, A. M., and the celebration be postponed to Monday, 
March 6th, if the weather should be favorable ; if not, to the first 
fair day. 

On Friday night, the od, a heavy rain storm commenced, which 
continued through the morning and until afternoon on Saturday. 
Timely notice having been afforded by the bare flag-staffs at 9 A. 
M., no serious disappointment was felt, and the Committee of 
Arrangements and the citizens generally resumed their prepara- 
tions, determined to make the celebration on Mondaj' all the more 
imposing for the farther time given them. 



The following letter was received from the Governor of New- 
York : 

LETTER FROM GOVERNOR FENTON. 

State of New-Tork, Executive Department, | 
Albany, March 2, 1865. \ 

Moses Taylor, Esq., Chairman, Sec. 

I acknowledge with gratificatiou the receipt of your letter, and a copy of tlic 
resolutions adopted by a public meeting of tlie citizens expressing the congratu- 
lations of the commercial community of our great metropolis on the brilliant 
successes of the cause of the Union. We have, truly, great reason for rejoicing. 
A war which placed at the arbitrament of armies the very existence of the 
republic, and with it the success of free government everywhere, is about to 
res^ult iu the triumphant maintenance of our institutions. The people, realizing 
that the issue was not to determine whether this or that political organization 
should succeed, but whether the life of the nation should be preserved, resolved 

2 



10 

1o defend and perpetuate its power and glory in full force and vigor. 'J'liis reso- 
lution they have sustained with great unanimity. AVith pious gratitude liny 
acknowledge that the glorious achievements of our soldieis are due, not to the mm 
of flesh merely, but to " ijim who doeth according to His will in the armies of 
heaven and among the inhabitants of earth." 

Your proposed celebration is worthy of your imperial city and of the patriotic 
citizens to whom the cause of the Union owes so much. The treason ol' 1860-1 
is about to be crushed ; the head of the serpent is already bruised under the heel 
of our invincible leaders and their patriotic co-workers inarms; tlie infamous 
treachery of South Carolina has been expiated ; her soil is now heUl by ihe 
defenders of national integrity and republican liberty ; the conspirators have 
been baffled at the very seat of their empire. It is due to the gallant band that 
defended Sumter when she was bombarded by traitor forces that they should 
receive marked honor on her reclamation. I concur more heartily, therelbre, in 
the suggestion that the President should send a man-of-war to the harbor of 
Charleston, bearing the heroic General Anderson and the same flag which he 
defended till hope had become futile — that flag which he saluted and lowered, 
l)ut did not surrender. Let him replace it upon the parapet which it has already 
made glorious. I would join you if my duties at the capital did not prevent, and 
add my voice to your loudest acclaim to our country and its heroes. 

May the news of our victories and progress soon be succeeded by the glad 
intelligence that Grant and Sherman, always sagacious and victorious, have 
achieved that triumph which will enable us to shout " The rebellion was !" 

Kespectfully, your obedient servant, 

K. E. FENTON. 



•%# 



(From the Daihj Press.) 

THE CELEBRATION. 



MILITAEY AND CIVIC PEOCESSIOK 

As if to make up in full for Saturday's inhospitable weather, 
Monday, March 6th, was an absolutely perfect da}^ for a great 
rejoicing. The rain had done much to clear the streets, and the 
civic carts and brooms had labored efficiently, too. The sunshine 
and breezes that followed brought the ground beneath and heavens 
above to a capital condition for travel. 

The delay had, moreover, given time for revisions and adjust- 
ments, which brought all the preliminaries of the procession to an 
excellent state of organization. And last, but not least, the news 
of Sheridan's victory over Early put sunshine into every bosom, 
in complete harmony with the bright sky and bracing air. 



11 

Under such auspices the splendid and gigantic ceremonial passed 
ofT with an unbroken unity, in character and effect hardly to be 
paralleled in scenic history. 

THE WHOLE 

Of the vast pageant extended nearly seven miles, and was in 
motion during about six hours. Yet a view, such as a balloon 
would afford, would have enabled a spectator to see the whole in 
motion at once for a brief moment ; for while the two o-reat 
elej^hants and the two camels which brouglit up the rear were still 
on Sixth Avenue, where they were drawn up, the head of the 
column had absolutely passed around the whole of its great circuit, 
and the infantry and cavalry of the leading regiments were being 
dismissed to their armories. 

THE DIVISIONS 

Of the procession were made six in number, for tactical conve- 
nience, but the divisions which it assumed beneath the spectator's 
eye were three, viz. : 

1. Military. 

2. Civic and Industrial. 

3. Fire Department. 

And these had each its predominant distinguishing costume- 
color — the soldiers blue, the civilians black, the firemen red. 

As soon as the immense mass had assembled, the following tele- 
gram was transmitted to the President of the United States, Hon. 
Wm. n. Seward, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton and Hon. Gideon 
Welles. 

Union Square, Marcli G, 1865. 
To THE President of the United States : 

Assembled New-York Sends Greeting, — Tlianks to Divine Providence, and 
all honor to the Govcriinieiit, the Army and the Navy, for saving^ the life of the 
nation. 

(Signed,) JilOSES TAYLOR, SAM. SLOAX, 

s. P.. cnrrTKXDEX, avilliam t. blodgett, 

HAMILTOXMSH, CHAKLES P. DALY, 

PKOSPEK M. WETMOEE. IIEXKY CLEWS, 

FKAXK E. HOWE, JOUN A. DLS. 



12 
THE START. 

Precisely at one o'clock — the liour set down in the programme — 
Colonel Howe gave the signal agreed upon for the starting of the 
procession. A salute was fired in Union Square, and the instant 
the sound of the first explosion was heard the head of the column 
commenced the march in splendid order. It stands in this respect 
as a remarkable exception to the past usage, and at the same time 
as an example to be imitated in the future. For several hours 
before, all the city was astir with trooj)s and other constituent 
parts of the procession, on the way to their respective rendezvous. 
As early as A, M, the streets of the designated route began to 
fill perceptibly with the great multitude which constitutes the 
holiday street audience of ISTew-York, and the windows and 
roofs were crowded with those sufl&ciently ambitious or wealthy, 
or well befriended to command those coigns of vantage. Nor 
was the audience wholly made up of New-Yorkers. Strong 
delegations were present from the suburbs, that from Brooklyn 
alone forming a kind of subsidiary procession, or side show, which 
thickly lined Fulton street for a long time with a mass of many 
thousand citizens pushing towards Broadway. 

At one o'clock, the head of the First Division moved from its 
line on Fourteenth street into Broadway, and the Great Ceremony 
was fairly begun, 

LINE OF MARCH. 

From corner of 14th Street and Broadway ; down Broadway to Astor 

House ; up Park Row and Centre Street to Canal ; up Canal to 

Bowery ; up Bowery and 4th Avenue to 33d Street ; through 33d 

Street to Madison Avenue ; down Madlson Avenue and around 

Madison Square ; down 5th Avenue ; thence to Union 

Square, by i4TH Street. 

ORDER OF PROCESSION. 

Detachment of Police, Mounted and on Foot. 
Committee of Arrangements, on Horseback 
Troop of Cavalry, as Escort to Grand Marshal. 



13 

Brig. Gen'l William Hall, Grand Marshal. 

AIDS. 



Col. O. H. Hart, 

Col. W. P. Hall, 

Col. a E. Waring, 

Maj. J. Groshon Herriot, 

Major Hand, 



Captain W.al Eagan, 
Captain Black, 
Captain WjAI. McCormack, 
J. Nelson Tapran. 



FIRST DIVISION. 

On Fourteenth Street^ Right on Broadway. 

First Division N. Y. State National Guard, commanded 
by Major-General Charles W. Sandford. 

Detachments of the Second Division N, Y. State National 
Guard. 

Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott, Major-General John E. 
Wool, Major-General John A. Dix, Major-General Robert 
Anderson, Admiral Hiram Paulding. 

The Governor of the State of New-York. 

The Legislature. 

The Mayor of the City of New- York. 

The Board of Aldermen and the Board of Councilmen, in 
carriages, two abreast. 

Judges of the Courts. 

Board of Supervisors. 

Heads of Departments and County Officers. 

Clergy and Professors of Colleges. 



SECOND DIVISION. 

On Ninth Avenue, Right on Fourteenth Street 
Colonel M. T. McMahon, Marshal. 

AIDS. 



Major Chas. Temple Dix, 
Col. Chas. G. Halpine, 
Col. C. W. Darling, 



Capt. Thomas Lord, 
Capt. A. W. Smith, 

Lieut. S. J. DOCKSTADER, 



Surgeon McMillan, | Lieut. Chas. A. Duncan. 



1.4 

Major-General Peck and Staff. 
Brig.-Genl. Hunt and Staff. 

" HiNCKS and Staff.' 

" P. St. GeorCxE Cooke and Staff. 

" Wessels and Staff. 

General Officers of the Army on duty and leave, with their Staffs. 
Officers of the Army, Mounted and in Uniform. 
Ex-Officers of the Array, who have served during the present 
War, in Uniform. 

Wounded Soldiers, in suitable conveyances. 
Furloughed Soldiers, on foot. 
Mounted Citizens. 
Veterans of 1812. 

New England Soldiers' Belief Association. 
New-York State Volunteer Institute Cadets, under Colonel 
Young. 

New- York Caledonians, in Highland Costume. 



THIRD DIVISION. 

On Eighth Avenue^ Right on Fourteenth Street. 
Hon. Abkam Wakeman, Marshal. 

AIDS. 

CoL Geo. B. Van Brunt, I Capt. C. Heuberer, 

Capt. C. Rice, | Mr. R E. Benton. 

Officers of the Navy, on leave or on duty. 

Officers of the Marine Corps, on leave or on duty. 

Sailors and Marines. 

Jeremiah Simonson's full-rigged Sliip, manned by Veteran 
Tars. 

Model representation of the original Monitor, twenty feet long, 
by Thomas F. Rowland, builder of the original one, with appro- 
priate motto. 

Detachment from the Sailors' Home. 

Seamen of the Merchant Service. 



15 

Officers of tlie Custom Honse, and otlicr pul^lic officials, headed 
by Revenue Bai'ges, fully manned, u[)on sixdiorse Tracks. 

Wm. Van Etter, 84 AVest street, Miniature full-rigged Man of- 
War, nine and a half feet long, pierced for 44 guns, on a wagon. 

One Ornamental Car, marked Sherman, Geary, Foster &C()., 
Savannah, Ga. ; Grant, Sherman & Co., Charleston, S. C. ; Por- 
ter, Terry & Co., Wilmington, N C. ; Thomas & Co., Nashville, 
Tenn. 



FOURTH DIVISION. 

On iSeventh Avenue, Rigid on Foiirteenlh Street. 
William Seligman, Ilarshal 



Hkinrigh Apfel, 
Joseph Hilleni5rand, 



aids. 
Julius Dengelstadt, 
L. Reiss, 

New- York Sharp-Shooters. 

Independent Rifle Company, Ca])tain Geissler, Commanding, 
New-York Turners' Association, Henry Metzner, Pj-esident, 
300 strong, with badges. 

Veterans of the Turner Regiment will also join, and those from 
neigliboring towns. 

No. 1. Arion Society, C. Tricca, President, 
No. 2, Allgemeine Saengerbund, 500 Singers of the following 
Singing Clubs : 

Allemania, Mozart Mannei'chor, 

Collonia, Scliillerbund, 

Germania, Saengerbund, 

Harmonia, of Williamsburg, 

Lorely, Liedertafel, 

Saengerbund, Social Reform. 

The above ten Societies are composed of about fifty members 
each, who have arranged theii- ]:>rogramme so as to keep up one 
continuous song throughout the whfde line of march. 
German Central Committee, Steinijrenner, President, 



16 

Egbert Blum Mutual Aid Union of Germans, 40 strong. 

Mechanics' and Artisans' Association of Social Reformers, 1,000 
strong, 100 singers. 

Council No. -1 Union League, Mr. A. N. Dunham, Chief. 

Nineteenth AVard Republican Club, Achilla Cain, President. 

A six-horse Truck, containiug members of the Sixth Avenue M. 
A. Total Abstinence Association, Major Michael Missing, Pre- 
sident. 

Tlie Italian Benevolent Society, Francisco Nash, President, 
200 strong, with National banners. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

On Sixth Avenue^ Rigid on Fourteenth Street. 
Charles G. Cornell, Marshal. 

AIDS. 



Wm. M. Tweed, Jr., 
Saml. C. Downing, 
Chas. F. Smith. 



C. T. McClenachan, 
J. W. Downing, 
W. R. Vermilye, 
John M. Freeman, 

THE TRADES. 

The Express Companies. 

The Typographical Society, with Printing Press. 

Singer's Sewing Machines in operation with employees. 

Herring's Striug Team, with safe and employees. 

John Stephenson's Car, drawn by six horses. 

William H. Locke, 205 to 217 West Thirty-sixth street, one 
ten-horse Truck, representing printing Satinets. 

The Great American Tea Company, ten-horse Truck, eighteen 
feet loug, each side representing thirtj^-six States, as many clerks 
as there are States riding inside, with outriders. 

C. Monks, four-horse Truck, representing the making of Metallic 
Signs. 

Mrs. A. II. Suple, 537 Broadway, Sloat Sewing Machine; 
Truck, one Machine in operation by Ericsson's Engine, and one 
Machine worked by steam. 



17 

A. J. Hennion, 181 Lewis street, Ship Joiner, Wagon decora 
ted and filled with workmen. 

Isaac Smith's Sons, 405 Broadway, two large Trucks with 
Umbrellas. 

Archer & Pancoast, 9 Mercer street, ornamented Wagon, four 
horses. Lamp Makers, Furnishers, &c. 

Stephen & Littell. Truck, six horses, gang of men manufac- 
turing Boilers. 

Central Petroleum Exchange, 10 Pine street, Wed. W. Clarke 
& Co., sixdiorse Truclc, with Engine and Derrick in oju^Tition, 
pumping Oil. 

M. Vassar & Co., Truck drawn by four horses, representing the 
Poughlieepsie Ale and Porter Works. 

Two Four-horse Teams, representing the Forwarding Busi- 
ness, by the Newport, Boston and New-York Steamboat Company. 

E. V. Haughwout & Co., six Wagons representing Branches 
of Trade. 

Wm. Boyd, Wheelwright, one six-horse Wagon, men at work, 
with Forge in operation representing the Manufacturing of Wheels 
and Blacksmithing. 

IIoWE & BouviER, two Teams with workmen manufacturing 
Gold, and Silver, and Platform Scales. 

Steinway & Sons, 450 Workmen representing the manufacture 
of a Piano on the Route. * 

L. ScHEPP, 282 Greenwich Street, four-horse Truck distributing 
Coffee in packages to the Public, and loaded with Teas, Coffees 
and Spices, decorated with Flags, &c. Workmen on Truck. 

Thomas Rafter, TTair-Dressing, French's Hotel. Four- horse 
Omnibus. 

J. W. Fabtn's Arabian Camels ; also, one young Camel eleven 
months old, led by a Native Arab. 

Perkins, Stearn & Co., 180 Broadway, Team, representing 

the Interests and Productions of California, surmounted by the 

Arms of California, and Mottoes: "California, her lovalty uniiii- 

peachable, her mines inexhaustible, her wines irrc[)roa<;hnble ;" 

3 



18 

and there will be distributed to tlie ladies 1,000 bottles of Angelica 
Wine on the route. 

George W. Laird six-horse Truck loaded with goods. 

Edward D. Ba;^sford, corner z\stor Place and Third and Fourth 
Avenues, three Wagons, four horses each, decorated. 

M. ConN, 147 Chambers Street, Hoop Skirts. Two-horse Truck, 
with Sewing Machines and gii-ls operating on them ; lai'ge hoop 
skirt in the centre. 

Valentine & Butler, four-hoi'se Truck, Safes and Locks. 

Philip Kelterer, 90 Thompson Street, six-horse Truck, repre- 
senting trade, with forge and work bench. 

Six Horses, covered wuth Blankets, having the name of a cap- 
tured cit}^ on each. 

D. E. Clarke & Co., Wagons and Trucks, representing the 
manufacture of Bags. 

Eureka Segar Machine of W. M. Harding, on a two-horse 
Truck, where will be manufactured 10,000 Segars, and distributed 
to the people on the route. 

Stephen William Smith, Mechanical Cantering Horses, 
mounted and propelled bj Girls and Boys. 

The Metropolitan Steam Boiler Inspectors, with Steam- 
Boiler in the Procession, in charge of Engineers. 

J. W. Mason & Co., 379 Pearl Street, Chair Manufacturer, 
twelve Horses and 1000 Chairs. 

Marine Signal Whistle, Merritt & Walcott, Agents, 64 
Cortlandt Street. 

Queen City Tobacco Works, 31 John Street. A Tobacco 
Wagon drawn hy three horses tandem, decorated, and will dis- 
tribute $500 worth of Tobacco on the route. 

Cragin & Co., Inspectors of Provisions, 400 West Twelfth 
Street. Six Horses and Truck. 

Singer Manufacturing Co., three Teams, and from 700 to 
1,000 men. 

Ston^ington Line for Boston, offers to the Committee two four- 
horse Teams for carrying Sick Soldici-s. 



19 

D. Barxum, 508 Broadway, Self-Sewer on one-horse Team — 
Machine in o|)eration. 

J. Ward & Co., one-horse Team — Washing Machines and 
Wringers in operation. 

Leslie & Elliott, one-liorse Team — Refrigerators. 

Borland, Bkielow & Co., one fonr-horse Truclc, one two-horse 
Truck — Bag Manuiacturing. 

Col. W]\L R Nevins, 89 Third Avenue, Baking Machine and 
Oven, with four horses. 

Wells, Bontecou & Co., and Houston & A¥est, Lumber 
Dealers, will furnish Truck and six horses. 

Hermetical Barrel Co., Robbins Patent, 153 Broadway, four 
horse Truck, with Barrels. 

Leslie, Elliot k Co., 4:94: Broadway, two Wagons, four horses 
each, representmg Polar Refrigerators, Gas Stoves and Eddy's 
Patent Kerosene Stoves. 

Van Amburgh & Co., No. 530 & 5-il Broadway, Mammoth 
War Elephant, Hannibal, and performing Elephant, Tippoo 
Sahib, with Police Detail. 

Merchants' Police Night Watch, two-horse Truck. 

Chas. II. Abbe, 121: East 29th Street, Hoisting Machine— One- 
horse Wasfon. 



SrXTH DIVISION. 
John Decker, C/nef Engineer^ Marshal^ 

AND assistant ENGINEERS, AS AIDS. 

The FIRE DEPARTMENT, under Chief Engineer Decker, in 
uniform, with Steam Engines, Hose. Hook and Ladder Companies 
turned out about 2,000 strong and were a marked feature of the 
Procession. 



THE FLAG OF THE STAR OF THE WEST. 

One of the most interesting incidents connected with the cele- 
bration yesterday was the displaying of the Flag of the "Star of the 



20 



AVest," hy Maeshall O. Roberts, Esq., from his residence, Fifth 
Avenue, corner of Eighteenth Street. At an early hour a large 
numbei- of i^ersons in front of Mr. Roberts' house patiently awaited 
the displaying of the Flag, and when it fell in graceful folds from 
the balcony, greeted it with rounds of enthusiastic applause. 
Duiing the entire day the flag upon which war ojDened, appeared 
in its splendor to celebrate first signal triumphs over its assailants. 
On this flag the rebels (Washington Artillery, of Charleston), first 
fired while it floated over the Star of the West, conveying pro- 
visions to relieve the besie2;ed o-arrison of Fort Sumter. 



21 



THE MASS MEETING AT UNION SQUARE. 



STAND NO. 1. 

The procession having passed, (half an hour alter the time ap- 
pointed for holding tlie Meeting,) the committee and invited 
speakers assembled at the Maison Doree, and proceeded to tlie 
three stands erected on both sides of Union Square. These 
were beautifully decorated with Hags and emblems, and enlivened 
by the stirring music of the l)ands of the Seventh Eegiment and 
other musical corps. The speaking commenced at Stand No. 1, 
from which addresses were delivered to a vast assembly surging 
continually by the force of the multitude, and responding to the 
sentiments of the orators. This was a large platform erected in 
front of the Maison Doree. It could scarcely be noted at what 
hour the meeting assembled: it was the wheeling round of the 
vast gathering who had witnessed the grand pageant, and now 
turned their attention with eager interest to the distinguished 
speakers. 

In the temporary absence of Moses Taylor, Escp, Chairman of 
the Committee of Arrangements, the Hon. John A. King called 
the meeting to order and made some appropriate and effective 
opening remarks. 

Eev. Dr. 'Thomas E. A^ermilyea thereupon offered an elo- 
quent and fervent prayer. 

Maj.-Gen. John A. Dix was nominated for Pi-esiding Oihcer 

and chosen by acclamation. He said : 

Fellow-Citizens, — Nearly four years ago you were assembled where you 
stand to-day. The insurrection of the Southern States against the authority 
of the Government had just broken out into acts of treachery and violence, and 
culminated in the capture of Fort Suinter. We came together to give to the 
country, and to each other, a solemn pledge that this insurrection, fouiided in no 
just cause of provocation, should ite jjut down, at whatever cost of treasure and 
blood. [Cheers.] The pledge lias thus far been redeemed ; and we are here now 
to congratulate the country on the recent eitraordiuary success of the national 



22 

arms — the wonderful march of iSherman from Atlanta to the ocean, [cheers,] the 
bombardmentof Furt Fisher, unparalleled in naval warfare, the irresistible as:^ault 
on that fort, one of the most memorable in modern times, and the evacuation of 
Savannah, Columbia, Wilmington and Charleston, and now at the very hour 
when we are rejoicing over these victories, comes the glorious intelligence of the 
defeat and capture of Early and his forces by Sheridan. [Enthusiastic cheers.] 
When you were standing here four years ago,"the flag of Fort Sumter, tattered by 
the wind and storm, and rent by rebel missile-!, was unfurled before you. It had 
been hauled down by its gallant defenders when they were worn out by fatigue 
and famine. The banner of the Union floats again over the battlements of that 
fortress, an emblem of the restored authority, and the vindicated honor of the 
Government and the people. [Cheers.] I'he boastful violators of the national 
order and tranquillity, chief actors, as they were, in the conspiracy to overthrow 
the Government of their country, are flying before the victorious ainiies of the 
Republic, far away from the guilty city in which their treason was hatched and 
matured. [Applause.] We could not pass by this triumphant vindication of 
the cause of the Union in silence, without a heartless indifference to the gallant 
men through whose dangers, toils and sufferings it has been achieved, not without 
criminal ingratitude to the superintending Providence, under whose protection and 
guidance our armies have been led on to victory. Much, no doubt, is yet to be 
done to bring the war to a close ; but I feel assured that history will i-ecord the 
successes we are commemorating among the closing acts of the rebellion. [Loud 
cheers.] I do not intend, fellow-citizens, to enter into any detail of the events, 
achievements, dangers or difficulties which have marked this great domestic con- 
flict — a conflict without a parallel in modern times — almost without a parallel in 
any times, even the most remote. Let us thank God that the spirit of determin- 
ation with which it has been carried on by us has never faltered for a moment, 
and that it has never been sullied by any feelings of bitterness towards our mis- 
guided brethren, even though they were clutching with bloody hands at the 
nation's life. [Cheers.] There is nothing in our cause which should degenerate 
into vindictiveness or cruelty. We are struggling to preserve unbroken the na- 
tional compact, and to prevent a social disruption between States which, once dis- 
severed, would never come together again but for purposes of bloodshed and strife. 
I will not enlarge on these topics. There are eloquent gentlemen to come after 
me who can do far better justice to them than myself [Cries of •' Go on."] But 
there are one or two considerations arising out of the European view of this do- 
mestic contest, to which 1 wish briefly to call your attention. It is very strange 
that many of those who have been looking on across the Atlantic should all 
at once have forgotten that the national wrongs for which the United States have 
been so much reproached by Europeans in past years, are all of Southern growth 
slavery, filibustering, and repudiation. [Cheers.] From this three-fold exfolia- 
tion of political evil — the noxious growth of the Southern hot-bed — the darker 
crime of rebellion has .sprung up. We, of the North, though participating in the 
odium of the three first, by virtue of our common brotherhood with the South, 
have, in truth, no responsibility for either. We hold no slaves ; we have never 
set on foot a piratical expedition against a friendly power ; Mississi[)pi, the home 
of Jefferson Davis, is the only one of the United States which has persisted for a 
quarter of a century in repudiatiiig her debts, 'i'hose abroad who have taken part 
against us have ranged themselves on the side of all this political wrong, virtually 
sustaining now wliat in the past they have been most vociferous to condemn. No 
motive could be strong enough to account for such a choice but a desire to see us 
broken up for the purpose of weakening our power. Lord Brougham, in a sketch 
of the life of Jefferson, written twenty-five years ago, alluded to the existence of 
such a feeling in Europe. It has not, perhaps, nninifested itself so much among 
the most enlightened statesmen of France and England as among those narrow- 



23 

minded politicians, who look for national greatness in the weakness of other 
States, rather than in a magnanimous policy, which regards the great family of 
nations as one, and tlie jirospcrity of each as an element of prosperity for all the 
others. Ic is a source of s^ineere gratification to us that, in bearing up against our 
heavy burdens, some of the most intelligent men of England — John Bright, 
[cheers,] Richard Cobden, Goldwin Smith and others— have encouraged us by 
their approving voici'S. [Applause.] They felt, with us. that we were battling 
for tiie interests of stable government throughout the world, and tliat if we had 
ignobly failed, for want of courage and constancy, we should have been abased 
forever in the judgment of mankind. [Cheers.] But sympathy with the cause 
of domestic treason is not the only legacy Europe has left to us and our pos- 
terity. J belie\e it can be demonstrated that tliis war would have been over, 
two years ago, if it had not been kept alive by means of military supplies — arms, 
amnumition, the munitions of war, everything, in short, essential to the support of 
armies — manullictured in the worksho])S, and smuggled into rebel ports by the 
blockade-runners of neutral Great Britain. [Applause.] Our commerce has 
been swept from the ocean by armed vessels built in her ship-yards and fitted out 
in her ports And I do not hesitate to express the opinion that these aids to the 
rebel cause have, by prolonging the war, added at least fifteen hundred million 
to our immense national debt. It is against these embarrassments, which ought 
never to have been superadded to such as were inherent in this great contest, 
that it has been carried on, and is now, as all the indications manifest, approach- 
ing its conclusion. It is to e.xpress our thankfulness for this triumphant issue of 
the contest that we are here to-day. We come together in no personal or party 
spirit. The feeling which animates us is as broad as the country itself. We re- 
joice in the achievements of the past and the hopes of the future. We rejoice 
that the calamities of war are soon to be over ; that the Union is to be re-estab- 
lished with its ancient bovtndaries, and in all its ancient honor and .strength ; 
[cheers ;] that involuntary servitude, the cause of all our dissensions, is to be eradi- 
cated by constitutional means ; [loud applause ;] that the great body of the South- 
ern people, when their guilty leaders shall have been expelled, will return to their 
allegiance to the Govermnent of their fathers ; and that the country will move on 
again, unimpeded by domestic discord, in its majestic march to prosperity and 
power. For these Ijlessings and these hopes, how can we be sufficiently thankful 
to the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe, who is bringing us out of the darkness 
and uncertainty of the past into the full lustre of a bright and triumphant day! 
[Cheers.] Indulge me, fellow-citizens, in one word more. Only two days have 
elapsed since a new administratioti entered on the grave and responsible business 
of government. When we look back to the political canvass which closed four 
months ago, and remember the universal order and quiet which prevailed, we can- 
not but regard them as a most remarkal)le proof of the excellence of our political 
system, and of the moral and intellectual elevation of the American people. 
Europeans had predicted that we should fall to pieces through the party excite- 
ment by which the country seemed to be convulsed. And yet. under the influ- 
ence of the most intense feeling, and amid the conflict of the most powerful in- 
terests with which the people ever exercised the right of suffrage, they went to the 
polls with a calmness eminently significant of their deep sense of the solemn duty 
they had to perform. And they are now acquiescing in the voice of the majority 
with a cheerfulness which shows how far superior to all prejudice, passion, or i)er- 
sonal motive, are their respect for'the law and their faith in our political organi- 
zation. There is a moral of deep significance in this peaceful submission to the 
popular will. ]t carries with it the assurance that Avhenever a successful party is 
called on by the behest of the people to lay down the ensigns of authority, they 
will be lesi^ned with the same cheerfulness, and the movement of the Government 
will go on in other hands without disturbance or shock. It is in trying cmer- 



24 



^encies like tliese that the character of a ji^reat people is bronjyht out in bold and 
manly relief ; and it is with this sacred deference for the established order of gov- 
ernment and society that we present ourselves to the other nations of the world, 
challeno-inii' their respect by rising above all partizanship, and knowing each other 
only as° Americans in all that concerns the honor and prosperity of the country 
and the stability of our popular institutions. [Loud applause.] 

Hon. Samuel Sloan proposed the following list of Vice-Presi- 
dents and Secretaries, which were unanimonsly chosen : 



VICE-PRESIDENTS. 



William B. Astor, 

Hamilton Fish, 

A. A. Low, 

Moses Taylor, 

Alexander T. Stewart, 

Simeou Draper, 

George Bancroft, 

Charles H. Marshall, 

Ivobt. L. Stuart, 

Charles P. Daly, 

Charles H. Russell, 

Peter Cooper, 

Praucis B. Cutting, 

Horace B. Clatlin, 

Henry Clews, 

George Opdyke, 

Samuel Wetmore, 

BenJ. W. Bonuey, 

E. M. Blatcht'orcl 

Wm. Kelly, 

Eli White, 

Ilobt. H. McCurdy, 

John C. Green, 

AVm. H. Webb, 
John Steward, 
Benjamin K. AVinthrop, 
Alexander W. Bradford, 
Prosper M. Wetmore, 
William T. Blodgett, 
Tliomas C. Acton, 
Franlv E. Howe, 
Matthew T. Brennan, 
Klliot C. Cowdiu, 
Seth B. Hunt, 
1). Randolpli Maitin, 
Henry Hilton, 
Wm. M. Evarts, 
Marshall O. Roberts, 
Townsend Harris, 
AVm. F. Allen, 
Charles L. Tiflany, 
James AV. Beekman, 
John A. Stevens, 
John J. Cisco, 
R-. D. Lathrop, 
John David Wolfe, 
Rufus F. Andrews, 



John A. King, 

J.ames Lenox, 

Peter Lorillard, 

William E. Dodge, 

Jonathan Sturges, 

George C. W'ard, 

Wm. H. Lee, 

Ezra Nye, 

S. T. Sliidmore, 

Charles Gould, 

Wm. Hoge, 

H. J. Raymond, 

E. S. Saiiford, 

Henry M. Taber, 

Wm. Seligman, 

Chas. G. Cornell, 

John J. Astor, Jr., 

J. F. D. Lanier, 

Robt. L. Cutting, 

AVm. H. Xeilson, 

George T. Adee, 

Isaac Bell, 

William H. Fogg, 

Sheppard Gandy, 

S. B. Chittenden, 

Hiram AValbridge, 

Waldo Hutchins, 

James Low, 

Nathaniel Hayden, 

David Hoadley, 

Isaac Green Pierson, 

Joseph Hoxie, 

Edwin Croswell, 

Horace Greeley, 

Geo. P. Putnam, 

Wm. J. Hoppin, 

I. P. Swift, 

Geo. Folsom, 

William W. Stone, 

Alexander Stuart, 

Washington R. Vermilye, 

Le Grand B. Cannon, 

Wm. Laimbeer, Jr., 

F. S. AVinston, 

Theodore Tilton, 

Peter B. Sweeny, 

Chas. A. Stetson, 



Moses H. Grinnell, 
William G. Lambert, 
E. P. Cowles, 
Levi P. Morton, 
James Brown, 
John C. Hamilton, 
Marvelle W. Cooper, 
Charles Butler, 
Henry K. Bogert, 
Denning Duer, 
A. V. Stout, 
John H. Gourlie, 
John Bryan, 
Francis Lieber, 
M. H. Levin, 
Alex. Van Rensselaer, 
George W. Curtis, 
C. E. Detmold, 

A. C. King.sland, 
Douglas Taylor, 
William E. Curtis, 
Frederick A. Conkling, 
Joseph Lawrence, 
John A. Stewart, 
William A. Darling, 
Jackson S. Schultz, 
Abram AVakcman, 

L. W. AVinchester, 

B. C. Morris, 
AVilliam Johnson, 
Cyrus W. Field, 
P^ank W. Worth, 
Josiah M. Fiske, 
Josiah Hedden, 
James A. Pullen, 
Sam'l Waldron, 
Charles F.Blake, 
Francis M. Babcock, 
Joseph Ripley, 

S. De Wit Bloodgood, 
Wm. P. Esterbrook, 
Curtis Judson, 
Edwin Hoyt, 
James W. Ball, 
Robt. Geo. Remsen, 
A. C. Richards, 
Robert B, Minturn, Jr.^ 



25 



Shepherd Knapp, 
Edwards I'ierrepont, 
Courthiiidt Pahuer, 
Johu ,T. I'liclps, 
Leonard "\V. Jerome, 
James Oorihm Bennett, 
VTin. F. (Jary, 
"William Kemble, 
Kich'd Schell, 
Edward Minturn, 
James T. iJrady, 
John ir. Alniy, 
Wm. M. Tweed, 
W. C. AVetmore, 
Myndert Van Schaick. 

D. B. Fearing, 
James Geddes Day, 
George Griswold, 
George Denison, 
William K. Strong, 
Chas. Aug. Davis, 
Henry A. Smythe, 
Elliott r. Shepard, 
William B. Dinsmore, 
Morgan Jones, 

H. S. Fearing, 
David Lane, 
Erastus C. Benedict, 
John A. C. Gray, 
James Wadsworth, 
Gnstav Schwab, 
John S. Williams, 
John H. White, 

E. Caylns, 

C. B. Hoffman, 
Wed. W. Clark, 
H. L. Parmele, 
Johu D. Jones, 
Harvey Fisk, 
Edw'dH. Arthur, 
Eichard A. Eeadiug, 
George Ball, 
George F. Neshitt, 
William Harding, 
George S. Coc, 
Hiram Barney, 
Timothy G. Churchill, 
Dudley B. Fuller, 
Isaac C. Kendall, 
Charles S. Spencer, 
Wm. ^VIcMurray, 
Thos. H. Faile, 
Paul Spofford, 
J. H. Horbeck, 
Daniel J. Miller, 
Arthur Leary, 
Thomas Lord, 
Wm. M. Veruiilye, 
Daniel Devlin, 
Francis Skiddv, 



Robert S. Hone, 
James B. Nicholson, 
Henry E. Pierrepont, 
Minthorne Tompkins, Jr., 
Henry G. Stebbius, 
Geo. W. Blunt, 
Nathan Chandler, 
Philip Tillinghast, 
A. B. Baylis, 
Corn's. K. Garrison, 
Isaac Sherman, 
Wm. H. Hays, 
James McKaye, 
Elisha Riggs, 
Charles Mackin, 
James Bowen, 
Orison Blunt, 
Charles W. Elliott, 
John Falconer, 
Henry F. Vail, 
Erastus Brooks, 
A. Jacobi, 
Joseph Lee, 
Erskine Phillips, 
Alex. Taylor, 
Mantou Marble, 
David Dows, 
Charles G. Judson, 
Ernest Krackowitzer, 
Tho,s. B. Asten, 
Henry G. Marquand, 
N. Pendleton Hosack, 
Thomas Smull, 
Wm. Joyce, 
Samuel S. Wyckoff, 
Guy R. Pelto'n, 
Marcellus Hartley, 
J. K. Place, 
Gilbert Dean, 
John Austin Stevens, Jr., 
Wm. H. Harbeck, 
Cumming H. Tucker, 
Geo. W. Lane, 
A. L. Roseman, 
Amos R. Eno, 
William P. Miller, 
Bartholomew Brown, 
Frederick Rauchl'uss, 
Edward Walker, 
Edward Learned, 
Vincenzo Botta, 
D. Groesbeck, 
Chester P. Dewey, 
Henry L. Pierson, 
Wm. A. Booth, 
H. A. AVhitfleld, 
Teunis W. Quick, 
Chas. P. Kirkland. 
John E. Williams, 
Samuel B. Ruggles, 



Parker Handy, 
John H. Sherwood, 
Joseph A. Sprague, 
John C- Martia, 
Geo. F. Talman, 
Joseph J. Comstoek, 
Nehemiah Knight, 
Harry H. Woods, 
Geo. A. Hearn, 
Geo. A. Fellows, 
Jacob A. Westervelt, 
Josiah Oakes, 
George W. Hatch, 
John Ordrouaux, 
John Stephenson, 
P. Townsend, 
James Udall, 
J. E. Buckley, 
Mark Hoyt, 
T. T. Bulkley, 
Theo. Polkamus, Jr., 
H. D. Aldrich, 
D. Willis James, 
Charles H. Dabney, 
Dexter A. Hawkins, 
B. D. Silliman, 
James S. Beams, 
D. D. T. Marshall, 
Thomas Polhamus, 
Robert H. Berdell, 
Anthony J. Bleecker, 
Jolm B. Moreau, 
Solon Humphrey, 
John D. McKeuzie, 
Charles H. Ludiugton, 
John Alstyne, 

A. J. Williamson, 

J. C. Bancroft Davis, 
Stephen Hyatt, 
W. A. White, 
G. Albinola, 
Charles B. Norton, 
George Briggs, 
George P. Taylor, 
T. B. Coddiugton, 
David Dudley Field, 
W. F. Havemeyer, 
Benj. H. Hutton, 
Marshall Left'erts, 
Henry Nicoll, 
J. Taj'lor Johnston, 
Robert Winthrop, 
Charles W. Sandford, 
Wm. W. De Forest, 
J. Woodward Havens, 
Fisher Howe, 

B. F. Manierre, 
J. A. Haywood, 
James Kelly, 
Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., 



26 



John T. Fisher, 
Josiah Sutherland, 
Henry "Waldron, 
Gi'orge B. Butler, 
William H. Osboru, 
David Crawford, 
P. C. Calhonn, 
James M. Brown, 
James Hayes, 
G. H. Bissell, 
Chas. Astor Bristed, 
Jas. W. Hale, 
J. S. Bos worth, 
Ed. J. Warren, 
Theron R. Butler, 
John D. Lawson, 
Albon P. Man, 
Fi-ederick Repjiep, 
F. Prentice, 
S. M. Seely, 
Charles Carter, 
John W. Qnincy, 
K. Jarvis, Jk., 
M. P. White, 
Frank W. Ballard, 
B. D. Sherman, 



William Tilden, 
Paran Stevens, 
Elijah F. Purdy, 
Charles Ahernethy, 
John T. Hoffman, 
Henry E. Da vies, 
John E. Brady, 
Geo. T. Hope, 
Henry Ward, 
Willis Gaylord, 
William Hall, 
John E. Develin, 
S. D. Babcock, 
O. De Forest Grant, 
Christopher R. Robert, 
J. G. Bergen, 
Richard Busteed, 
Thomas Boese, 
Dan'l W. Teller, 
Wm. R. Stewart, 
Moses S. Beach, 
James G. King, 
T. M. Tyng, 
E. P. McDermott, 
William Munn, 
Orlando W. Joslyn, 



James M. Constable, 
Nath'l D. Carlile, 
Henry E. Clai'k, 
Frederick Kuhne, 
Elisha Brooks, 
G. H. Kissel, 
M. Silvis, 

Thos. B. Van Buren, 
Abm. R. Lawrence, 
William Orton, 
Simeon Baldwin, 
C. J. Anthony, 
James H. Benedict, 
William C. Prime, 

A. W. Spies, 

J. F. Penniman, 
James M. Thomson, 
George H. Draper, 
John Kelly, 
M. Stephens, 

B. F. Beekman, 
Alfred G. Benson, 
Oliver Carpenter, 
Richard Warren, 
Oswald Ottendorfer, 
William Boyd. 



SECRETAEIES. 



Joseph H. Choate, 
Percy Pyne, 
Edward C. Bogert, 
Spencer Kirby, 
Samuel C. Reed, 
Grosvenor P. Lowrey, 
Edward A. Wetmore, 
Charles T. Dix, 
D. Van Nostrand, 
Wm. G. Annan, 
John A. Weeks, 
Wm. C. Church, 
Richard A. McCurdy, 
Oscar Tibbals, 
J. F. Bailey, 
Morris A. Tyng, 
David Adee, 
William Drummond, 



John H. Draper, 
Thomas H. Morrell, 
Cephas Brainerd, 
Oliver K. King, 
Wm. Walter Phelps, 
Chas. E. Whitehead, 
Edward W. Lambert, 
Wm. Allen Butler, 
H. R. Latimer, 
Lewis D. Bulkley, 
Richard M. Eunt, 
Warner Sherwood, 
John E. Green, 
James C. Carter, 
Charles G. Landon, 
W. H. Kimball, 
Thos. L. ThorneU, 



John Hardy, 
Jesse Payne, 
Theodore Braine, 
John Sedgwick, 
H. Huntington Lee, 
Jas. Lorimer Graham, Jr. 
D. B. Eaton, 
Francis A. Stout, 
George Bliss, Jr., 
George W. Benson, 
R. L. Suydam, 
George H. Giltzow, 
George De Forest Lord, 
Thomas E. Hanson, 
Thos. E. Stewart, 
Irving Grinnell, 
N. S. Husted. 



The Hon. C. P. Daly, Chairman of the Committee on Resolu- 
tions, read the following, which were received with loud applause 
and adopted unanimously : 

Resolved, That the duty of takiniT up arms to preserve the nation, unexpectedly 
cast upon this aeiieratioii, in a time of profound ponce and pnat naiional pros- 
perity, was an obligation imposed by the mcmoiics of the patt and the i.opes of 
tlie future, and shall be resolutely fulfilled, and steadily niaiuiaiued, at eveiy cost 
and by every sacrifice, 



27 

Resolved, Tliat tlie war which has been forced upon us is prosecuted on our 
part ill no vindictive spirit and with no aggressive desire for subjugation or con- 
quest; that we stand before the world in the attitude of a people maintaining 
their government against those, who, without complaint of oppression or wrong, 
but misled by their pride and ambition, are in arms to overthrow it through the 
unwise counsels of unprincipled leaders. 

Resnlved. That submission to the attempt to establish an independent confeder- 
ation bj' seizing the larger part of the national domain, two-thirds of our sea coast 
and the mouths of ourprincipal rivers, would be to give up the main source of 
our strength and a vital condition of oiu- existence as a nation. 

Resolved, That the National Flag, waving in triumph over the city where the 
seeds of rebellion germinated, and where that sacred emblem was first insulted, 
kindles all loyal hearts with gratitude, and awakens throughout the land uni- 
versal gladness. 

Resolved, That the plans of General Grant for the overthrow of armed rebel- 
lion, revealed by the brilliant victories we are this day assembled to commemo- 
rate, have won the admiration of mankind ; while the comprehensive grasp of 
their conception and the heroic valor with which they have been executed, contirm 
our faith in the final triumph of our arms, and call forth our warmest gratitude 
that we have such a soldier to organize victory and such armies to achieve it. 

Resolved, That the boldness, celerity and certainty whicli have marked the re- 
cent campaisrns of General Sherman afford a lesson in the military art, and will 
place the officer who accomplished it in the foremost rank of distinguished gen- 
erals. We greet with warmest thanks the heroes who have borne our banner 
from Chattanooga to Atlanta, to Savannah, to Charleston, and to Columbia; and 
with thanksgiving for the past we ofiier fervent prayer to Almighty God, that in 
the coming hour of battle their valor may be crowned with complete and de- 
cisive triumph. 

Resolved, 'I'hat the fleets of the United States, by the untiring vigilance with 
which they have guarded three thousand miles of coast, by their achievements 
upon our rivers, by their heroic deeds at Port Royal and New Orleans, at Vlobile 
and Port Fisher, by the dauntless courage they have displayed upon the seas, in 
assailing every enemy that has dared to meet them, have merited the thanks of 
their country, and raised still higher the historic fame of the American Navy ; 
and that the victories of Farragut, of Dupont and of Porter, have given our flag 
that pre-eminence upon the ocean which secures us against invasion, and estab- 
lishes our fame and our power throughout the world. 

Resolved, That the fact that we have successfully taken and held the cities of 
Alexandria, Norfolk, Nashville, New Orleans, Memphis, Natchez, Vicksburg. 
Savannah, Charleston, Columbia and Wilmington, and have, through the united 
efforts of our armies and fleets, and the vigor, devotion and persistency of the 
Government, closed up every port accessible to the insurgents along the exten- 
sive line of our sea-coast, embraces a series of events fulfilling the predictions of 
the past and foreshadowing the results of the future. 

Hon. Edwards Pierrepont was tlien introduced and received 
with loud applause. He spoke as follows : 

F KLLOW-OlTIZENS, 

Four years ago the war begun. There was a great uprising of the North, and 
we met here, under the open sky, and resolved, to defend our Government and 
to preserve our country entire. Then our strength had not been tried, and to us 



28 

the arts of war were new. To-day we meet under the same sky, after the roll of 
four eventful years ! We meet for sober rejoicing at the many briliiaiu suceesses 
over the enemies of Liberty, and to offer thanks to Almigiity God, who has given 
us the victory. 

During these years, events in such vast grandeur have moved onward from the 
sun, as no prophetic vision of man could possibly have foreseen. 

Then we debated whether the North coukl raise seventy-five thousand troops 
for the war. In four years we have grown used to the contemplation of a million 
of armed men. 

1'hen one hundred million of new debt was regarded as something grievous 
to be borne — now, two thousand million is regarded as a lighter burden. 

Four years ago Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated President of the United 
States. Each year of his administration has been a year of civil war ; and have 
you noted this ? Each succeeding year has been bloodier ilian the one itfoUowed ! 

Now, Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated again. If some watciier in the sky 
could descend, and from this stage read tiie scroll of our destiny for the next four 
years, would it not startle and appal ? But thanks to a kind Providence which 
hides most of the Book of Fate, and turns over the leaves only just so fast as we 
can bear the reading. The four years gone by have left their history ; and what 

A HISTORY ! 

By the lingering light of these years, which now move on in the eternal pro- 
cession which has passed, we may catch some glimpses of the future which will 
help to solve these two questions which arise before every sober mind : 

First — Is the rebellion nearly over, and will the South lay down their arms and 
soon return to the Union ? And, 

Second — Will the North remain firm in her purpose, and continue the war at 
any sacrifice and at all hazards, until peace is conquered and the integrity of the 
Union secured. 

Those who do not estimate moral forces, and the power of the human will in 
the affairs of men, and who suppose that all rests upon mere physical strength 
and material interests, will be likely to misread our future. 

I see no indication of any willing allegiance on the part of the South. The 
day of willing allegiance has passed, and hence it is clear that the rebellion is 
not over, and that there will be no early return to the Union. Slow must be the 
peace which comes of unwilling submission ; but come it surely will, aud that is 
the only peace which can now be attained. 

It is quite time that we awake from the deceiving dream that re-union can ever 
come of concession. It must come of conquest. It is all idle to talk of peace 
with the South until, by military power, tliey are forced to submit ; and it is 
equally idle to talk of this forced submission as the work of a day. 

We are at war with a brave and high-spiritetl people. The intellectual and 
moral forces which control that people are not for the Union. To them the 
Union is a name of haired, and the old Hag a thing of loathing. Let us not be 
deceived about this ; we have deceived ourselves full long. 

Sherman understands this — Grant undei stands it^ — and we might all under- 
stand it, if we would cease to smother our reason with our hopes. 
Have we yet seen a single State return to the Union ? 

Fellow-citizens, we have been the willing dupes of our fond wishes ; we have 
been catching at a bright phantom, which has continually receded from our grasp, 
and four full years have tied and not a State has returned to its allegiance. 

The next question is, whether the North will remain firm and unwearied until 
peace is conquered and the entire Union is restoreil 'i 
Thk Answer is one united affirmative! 

'I'he Union is a necessity — the waters of all the great rivers of the nation 
empty into Southern seas — the people are of one language, of one blood, and of 
the same reli"ion ! 



29 

The military conqaest and final pacification of tlio South is but a ([iicstion of 
time ; this can be denioMHtrated. 

'I'iie Nortli were unpnpared lor war ; the South had been preparing for many 
years. 

'I'o day the population ol' the Nortli is quite as great as wlien the war began. 
That of the South is ^feathj reduced. The whites and the blacks of the South 
have both ra])idly diniinislied. The material wealth of the North was never 
greater than to-day— that of the Souih is not one-tenth of what it was at the 
commeiicement of the war. 'I'he North are open to the trade and to the emigra- 
tion of the world — tiie South are sealed up. 

Bui some boding mind replies tl at our prosperity is imaginary — not real. 

Your houses, your barns, your workshops, your fertile fields, your abundant 
foiHl, your busy machinery, your crowded railroads, your luxurious homes and 
cosily clothes, they surely are real. There is no fancy about them — you have 
them, and in the whole vast North there ai-e more well-led, well-clad, well-sheltered 
men than when the war began, and fewer in the extremes of want. These/ads 
cannot be shoved aside. 

But, we are told that this cannot last ; that early ruin will surely follow con- 
tinued war. I'here is no ground for this gloomy view — none whatever. It is a 
question of arithmetic, not of rhetoric. 

There is no immigration to the South. Southern soldiers have died on the 
battle-field ; thousands have perished by disease and the piivations of the camp — 
many have deserted — the slaves in great numbers have fled to our lines, and their 
whole population is rapidly diminishing. General Lee proclaims that he cannot 
continue the war without the aid of colored troops. Half sleeping in the duU 
brain of the negro has lain some sense of his rights, and some shadowy tradition 
that his deliverance was to come from the North. Sherman's cannon wake up 
the negro, and tbey find him in no corner of Georgia ignorant of his friends or of 
his wrongs. General Lee's negro trcops will not dismay the North. We may 
continue the war through interminable years withoitt diminishing our population 
or our present wealth. The war may prevent increase of numbers or accumula- 
ting wealth, but it will not diminish our |)resent wealth in the least. 

There is great misapprehension upon this subject. There will be no need of 
annually expending more than we annually make. We shall not use more corn, 
or flour, or food of any kind than we can produce. We shall not need more of 
powder, or of ordnance, or of ships, or of anything else, than we can make or 
purchase with what we have to exchange. 

The war may go on for twenty years, and it will no more impoverish the North 
to support the necessary armies, than it will impoverish the City of New- York to 
support the necessary police. Our great mistake has been in supposing that, by 
vast, undisciplined numbers and by lavish expenditures, we could end the rebellion 
in a few months. 

The farmer, whose farm, cultivated by his sons, yields all that the family 
expend, is in no danger fVom the sherifi'. 

The nation, whose sons produce from its soil, its mines and its wells, all that 
the nation spends, is secure from bankruptcy. We forget the new, the vast, the 
ever-increasing sources of wealth which each year develops. 

Durim;: the war of 1812. not a railroad existed, and the use of steam was 
hardly known — the reaper had not been invented, and machinery was but little 
used. The fertile soil could grow the wheat, but the labor of culture, and of 
harvest, and of transportation made it of little value. Now, a single man, in a 
single year, by the aid of machiiierv, can produce more actual wealth than forty 
men could have done in twice the time, during the last war. 

In this, the advantage of the Nortii over the South is immense. In this lies a 
capacity for continued war, not sufficiently considered. New discoveries in 
machinery, l>y which the productive power is so rapidly multiplied ; new di.scov- 



30 

eries of gold, of silver, of copper, of lead, of coal, of iron and of petroleum, adds 
enormous amounts to the actual wealth of the nation each coming year. 

The debt grows fast, but the capacity to meet it grows faster, and the North, 
with its amazingr activity and increasing power, can carry on this war till not a 
hamlet smokes in the whole of Rebeldom, and spend not a dollar above the 
annual accumulations of her people. 

It is time that we gave up the delusion that the South are for the Union, or 
that we are to have a willing allegiance accorded at commercial dates. It is time 
that we look upon this war as a business, permanent for some years — a war which 
is not to end by a speedy return of recent rebels with hearts new heaving with 
exultant lo^yalty. Nothing like it is coming. The military conquest and final 
pacification of the South, must be a work of time, and war or pacification by 
military power, of an unwilling and sullen population, will be the great business 
of the Government for several years to come. 

We have learned the warrior's art ; 

We need iu future the statesniau's wisdom. 

If this rebellion is not crushed ; if this Union is not restored ; if the integrity 
of the country is not preserved, the fault will not lie with the people, nor in the 
intrinsic difficulties of the affair, but in the want of capacity, on the part of those 
in power, to deal with the great question. I believe that those in charge of the 
(Government will prove equal to their trust. 

Our military ability is no longer doubted. The financial question is now the 
great terror — wise men wag their heads, and look wiser and more gloomy as they 
talk of finance, and he is regarded as a bold man or a fool, who shall now take 
the portfolio of the treasury without a shudder. The richest country upon which 
the sun ever shone — the most enterprising, brave and determined people that 
lives, offer to the secretary, as collateral security for his note, the wealth of the 
nation ; and the secretary trembles lest these same peop'e will give him no credit ; 
— lend him no money ! — one of the alleged reasons being that there is such a vast 
quantity of it afloat. It is simply absurd, A secretary with strong common 
sense, some capacity for generalization, ability to extract from the business men 
of the country the results of their wisdom and experience, and having the judgment 
to select from his gathered materials, and then to adopt a plan of finance to which 
he shall firmly adhere, will find the future management of the treasury as easy as 
the direction of a Wall street bank. 

There was a time during the administration of Mr. Chase when many feared 
foreign intervention ; when the stability of our Government was doubted ; when 
our military success was less certain. All these things combined weakened the 
public credit, and the timidity of wealth sought security outside of the bonds of 
the nation. 

No one longer doubts the stability of our Government; our military power is 
asstn-ed, and of foreign intervention there is no more danger. 

The .Secretary who cannot manage the Treasury now, either lacks comprehen- 
sion of the subject, or capacity to impress his views.' Thousands who cannot 
devise a plan of finance will readily appreciate a wise one when properly pre- 
sented, and confidence, which is all that is needed, will be given to the Secretary 
so soon as he shall show that he deserves it. 

There is no mystery about this business ; confidence is all that is needed. 
The stability of the Government being conceded, the wealth of the nation is col- 
lateral to the Secretary's bonds, and nothing but bad management will prevent 
the people from exchanging the paper currency of the Government, which pays 
nn interest, for bonds of the same Government which dn pay interest. It is not 
difficult to ascertain the proper amount of currency for the business of the coun- 
try ; when tiiat is issued, stop— /r/M/;/ stop. We do not owe abroad ; with 
reasunal)le economy, we need consume no more than we annually produce. The 



31 

money loaned to the Government soon returns to the people. If the Secretary 
is firm and fearless, the war may go on, and the financial condition of the country 
grow better each year. 

'J'he sole object of this war is to subdue the revolt, and to restore peace and 
the Union. 

We shall prosecute the war until these objects are attained. 

When this rebellion shall have ceased, and the Union shall have been restored ; 
when slaves are no longer sold, and all the land is free ; when the tide of emigra- 
tion rolls over the Southern soil, and brings into blooming life lier desolated fields ; 
when peace shall reign once more, and cruel war shall cease ; then will this 
majestic nation again move on towards the fulfilment of her great destiny ; and 

" Then may we all rejoice with them 

Who see by faith the cloudy hem 

Of Judgment, fringed with Mercy's light." 

(Prolonged cheers.) 

The President said : I now inti-oduce to you Maj.-Gen. Ayerill, 

from Sheridan's army. Gen. Averill was greeted with warm 

applause. 

MAJ.-GEN. AVERILL'S SPEECH. 

Feixow-Citizens, — If God makes known His will through events, He seems 
to have disposed that there shall be a nation on earth called the United States of 
America. [Cheers.] You have assembled here in thousands to-day. at Union 
Square in the metropolis of America, to recognize as His will, and to congratu- 
late each other upon the occurrence of those events which have revealed it [Ap- 
plause.] What are the events and what are the victories we celebrate to-day? 
Plunged into the vortex of this war four years ago, in our efforts to solve the 
most"difficult problem ever presented to humanity, we endeavored to cut the Gor- 
dian knot which had been tied and tying from the birth of the Republic. Un- 
organized, ignorant and inexperienced, we met the insurgents without success. 
We are now rapidly and surely approaching the solution of that proldem. The 
events and the victories on land and water, the achievements of science and art, 
the advancement in agricidture and commerce, all the events great and small, that 
have drawn the nation away from its grave — the aby?s of secession and disunion 
that have enabled it to crush in the borders of a powerful and organized rebel- 
lion, that have brought it almost to its knees— that during all the striiggle have 
challenged the admiration and commanded the respect of the nations of the earth 
and won the approval of Heaven— these, all these, are the events we celebrate to- 
day. These events have educated the nation. There is not an American citizen, 
from the President to the boy who sweeps yonder crossing who is not better in- 
formed upon the subject of history, geography, politics, and the art of war today 
than he was four years ago. We have gained strength from defeat and wiodom 
from disaster. [Cheers.] The citizens of the United States have become ac- 
quainted with each other, the mass has been rendered homogenous, all sorts and 
conditions of men have met and have been subjected to the same discipline and 
endured the same hardships and trials in camp and on the battle ticld. Men 
from the forests of the North, the prairies of the West, from town and country, 
have gone forth, shoulder to shoulder, in support of the national cause. [Cheers.] 
Never despairing, four years has the nation struggled with its enemies at home 
and abroad. Could ihe bones of our fallen patriots be assembled, a monument 
would rear itself to the clouds, and did these clouds contain the tears of the 
widows and the orphans that have been made, it would be washed to earth again. 
[Applause.] To what end was this sublime sacrifice ? Union and peace. [ Ap- 



32 

plaiise.] We cannot have ooe without the other. [Loud clieers.] We can 
have neither unless the armies arrayed against the National Government are de- 
stioyed, and they cannot be destroyed unless the united streuirth of the nation be 
})roniptly fjut forth and properly used. [Applause.] The ciisis of the moststu- 
])endou.s war that ever imperiled a human government is approaehing. It will 
soon be known to us whether a decided and final success will crovvn the efforts we 
are making, or whether the agony oF postponement is to be endured. The glori- 
ous army of the Potomac, and that of Sherman, are gradually nearing the 
heart and the brain of the rebellion. [Oheers.] The striigule will be more ter- 
rible than any of the past four years. VVe must be prepared (bra decided victory 
or for delay. On one hand, if our expectations are realized, let mercy go with 
justice ; let us strive to heal the terrible wounds of the nation with cleniL-ncy and 
charity. On the other, if our hopes are deferred, let not our hearts be made sick, 
but let our inflexible resolution be exhibited by a prompt and overwhelming dis- 
play of men and means. Let us put forth a strength adequate for the suppression 
of this rebellion within the shortest possible space of time. It will be merciful, 
it will be economical. Arms is the fulcrum of peace, and money is the lever ; 
we must have both. We must not be cast down by delay nor even defeat. Our 
gallant soldiers in the field demand a support from the great reserve of the nation. 
Will you disregard their call ? [Cries of '' No," and cheers.] Across the Val- 
ley of the Shadow of Death come the voices of Wadsworth. Sedgwick, McPher- 
son, Reynolds, Weed, and numberless other departed heroes, saying " Restore and 
preserve the Union forever." The voiceless eloquence which appeals to you from 
the uncoffined dust of countless thousands, conjures you to restore the Union and 
preserve it forever. 1'he voice of drod, heard through the events you celebrate to- 
day, commands you to restore and preserve the Union forever. The greater the 
effort at war the shorter the road to peace ; and when peace shall have arrived — 
when, perhaps, the nationjias expanded its empire from the Russian Possessions to 
the Isthmus of Darien, your children may come to this Union Square to behold 
the forms of our fallen patriots lilted up in everlasting bronze and marble. Then 
and there may " the Father of his Country" marshal the monuments of immortal 
heroes and future generations may come, year by year, to crown them with gar- 
lands. [Knthusiastic applause, and three cheers for Gen. Averill and Gen. 
Sheridan's army.] 

The President next introduced Hon. John Van Buren. 

ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN VAN BUREN. 
M.y. Van Buren, on presenting himself, was received with ap- 
plause. He said : 

Mk. President and Ffllow-Citizrns, — I congratulate you most cordially on 
the magnificent demonstration that we have witnessed this day, and the intelli- 
gence, the power and the patriotism of the people of this great commercial 
metropolis. [Cheers.] I congratulate you on this display— the military parade, 
the crowds of women and children, the beautiful music, the brilliant day. P]very- 
thing shows that this occasion has been one of mimterrupted success. And I 
think it fortunate, (if I may be allowed to say so,) that the day itself should have 
been the sixth, instead of the fourth of March. [Laughter and applause ] One 
who was wiser than the committee has so ordered it, that we should wait until 
to day to celebrate those great victories that have been accomplished by our 
able generals and gallant soldiers. Fellow-citizens, the sixth of March is to me 
an interesting anniversary. On the sixth of March, two years ago, the citizens of 
New-York, irrespective of party divisions, forgetting their personal and individ- 



33 

ual (lifforences, in view of the ijreat dangers that threatened the country, met at 
the ('ooper Institute and resolved that they wouh] sustain the Government, at 
every hazard, in all constitutional efforts to put down this rebelUon, and to up- 
hold the National Flag, and tlio national honor of our common country. [Loud 
cheers.] Yes, the pledge that was tlien made on the part of the people of New- 
York to the American people has been nobly redeemed. [Olieers.] Men and 
money have been lavishly furnished to uphold our national life and national 
honor, and we are now celebrating here some of the great fruits that have result- 
ed from these combined patriotic exertions. Fellow-citizens, I only propose to 
offer you, on this joyful occasion, but a few remarks. I am admonished that thei'e 
are a number of gentlemen now present more efficient and competent than I am 
to address you, and from the time allotted to me, I must necessarily be brief. 
But, fellow-citizens, this is an occasion when every patriot should rejoice. 
[Cheers.] The splendid victories which have been gained, to which allusion has 
been made, must fill the national heart with gladness, and moisten every honest 
eye with the sentiments of joy. And the splendid procession we have seen to- 
day is a fit commemoration of those great events. The resolutions that you have 
adopted express with great force and clearness the reasons for the rejoicing, and 
the gentlemen who have already addressed you have adverted with more particu- 
larity and propriety to the circumstances in detail, which should be referred to 
upon an occasion like this, than 1 should do. I do not projxtse myself to dwell 
upon the feast of gallantry and heroism performed by distmgiiished men with but 
one single exception. I do not propose to speak in detail of the splendid ex- 
ploits, upon the waters, of Farragut, of Porter, of Dupont, of Winslow, and 
others, who might be mentioned ; nor shall I stop to narrate the heroic acts, upon 
land, of Grant and McOlellan, and Sheridan, and Terry, and a vast number 
of distinguished m "U, including (ien. Averill, who has just addressed you, who 
have reflected h )nor on the American name ; but I do propose, very briefly, to 
advert, in the limited time I shall occupy, to one or two of the features in the 
character of an individual, who, perhaps more than any other, has been the oc- 
casion of this magnificent demonstration to-day. I allude to Gen. Sherman. 
[Loud cheers.] Gen. Sherman is obviously the architect of his own fortune, 
and governs his own movements. It is entirely obvious that in his campaign he 
must be influenced by what he sees at the moment, and takes direction from the 
circumstances that exist around him. In determining when his army is to ad- 
vance, and where he delays he must be governed by the country, the state of the 
roads, the obstacles he is to encounter, and, above all, the great necessity, the 
supply of food. Napoleon has said that an army's march is like a snake upon 
its belly, (laughter,) and it is unquestionably true that the great consideration is 
food. Now, in my judgment, he has shown great enterprise in sustaining his 
troops on the country through which he passed. And further, I regard the man- 
ner in wtiich he dispersed Mood's army in front of him by simple mantcuvres, 
as a masterpiece of military science. The march from Atlanta to Savannah, I 
apprehend, that all military men will say was one of the most distinguished in the 
military annals of the world. You will also bear in mind the humanity of his 
movements — the extreme saving, not only of ammunition, but of human life — by 
which those two great and important points were conquered and occupied almost 
without the loss of a single life. In my humble judgment, victories like these are 
what call forth the loud-toned gratitude of the American people. [Cheers.] 
They appeal not only to our love of conquest, and Union, and determination to 
uphold our Government, but to our humanity, when we rejoice over victaries 
wherein human life has not been sacrificed either on our side or that of the enemy. 
These are the great features in the career of Gen. Sherman which have induced 
the American people, in my judgment, to depart from their uniform habit, and 
celebrate the victory of the national arms. We have our 'I'hanksgiving feasts, 

5 



34 

and our national holidays, but this is a general jubilee, a glorious holiday on 
which so much has been done to celebrate the achievements of the arms ot the 
United States. Let me say to you to-day that I never for a moment have 
wavered, and I do not suppose you have, in "the entire faith of the victory of thfi 
armies of the Union, and the absolute suppression of this unjustifiable and 
wicked rebellion. [Cheers.] I never apprehended foreign interference. There 
may have been a time when foreign interference was possil)le, but the manifesta- 
tions that have been lately shown by the United States show that it is now im- 
possible. France or Great Britain might send 20,000 or 30,000 men, and a dozen 
of frigates or so, but what care we, with our million of veteran soldiers, and our 
fleet, with Porter and Farragut at the head ? Why, they would not be a mouth- 
ful for us. [Laughter and cheers.] All v e have to do is to unite firmly together 
to make a bold stand, to stand together, shoulder to shoulder, to supply men and 
means to the Government, and, take my word for it, you will tell your children 
truly when you say that tiiis is tiie last rebellion tliat any man will ever see in 
these United States. Tliere will come a time when motives of humanity will 
operate, when magnanimity towards our deluded fellow-citizens can be practised, 
and when we can yhow them that we are better friends to them than those men 
who have led them into tiiis rebellion. When this is accomplished, those who 
have peculiar views in regard to commerce, currency, finance, local self-govern- 
ment, State rights, or city matters, or in regard to the freedom of man, can 
co-operate together, and by their united effort establish a government which will 
be the admiration and envy of the civilized world. [Enthusiastic cheers.] 

SPEECH OF DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, Esq. 

Mr. D. D. Field was tlie next spealver. He said : 

Although we cannot yet say that the rebellion is entirely subdued, although a 
large and ibrmidable rebel army still confronts us in the defences of Richmond, 
and another on the plains of the Carolinas, we have nevertheless arrived at that 
stage of the war, when we may indulge in mutual congratulations upon the suc- 
cesses we have achieved, receive the lesson which the history teaches, and pledge 
ourselves anew for the work which remains before us. 

The reasons for congratulation are abnndant. Four years ago, the Nation 
seemed to the world to be dying. Seven States were in open revolt, others stood 
ready to follow, and all were agitated by dissensions ; the people were filled with 
distrust and api)rehension ; nothing had been done to vindicate the national au- 
thority, and the country appeared to be drifting into hopeless anarchy. Men ex- 
claimeil to each other, with dismay, " Is this great nation to fall without a blow 
struck in its defence ?" Then ensued weeks of indecision and painful suspense, 
till the flash of a hostile gun in the harbor of Charleston awoke the Nation as 
from a long and troubled dream. 

In what rapid succession events followed, how armies were mustered on both 
sides and dashed against each other ; how, for a time, the tide of battle ebbed 
and flowed ; how, nevertheless, the loyal army regained, one by one, the fortresses, 
the cities, the States, that had been engulphed in the rebellion ; how the national 
standard, the symbol of Union and of glory, was gradually advanced, sometimes 
hidden in the clouds of war, then emerging into the unclouded light, till it was 
replanted in every State from which it had been excluded ; how the whole mari- 
time frontier this side of the Mississippi has been restored, till not a single rebel 
flag is flaunted from the land to the sea, — all these things are written in the his- 
tory of the four intervening years. 

Well may we rejoice over these achievements, though we regret the waste of 
war and mourn for the precious lives sacrificed to their country. 



35 

We rejoice to-day, not in the spirit of party, not because tliis or tluit leader lias 
been chosen, but because the Nation stands erect aoajn, having retaken the for- 
tresses of wliich it was treacherously desjjoiled, from the last to the first. [Cheers.] 

I hope, nevertheless, to see another and more memoral)le solemnity of the fall 
of Sumter. You remember the simple and touching despatch of Gen. Anderson 
to the Secretary of War, closing with these words : " 1 marched out of the fort 
on Monday afternoon, the 14th inst.,wilh colors tlying and dnuns beating, bring- 
ing away company and private property, and saluting our flag with fifty guns." 
[Loud applause, and calls for (jlen. Anderson, who came forward, and was greeted 
with vociferous cheers.] This was on the 14th of April. 18G1. Let, him be sent 
back on the 14th of April, lytio, with as many of his gallant comrades as survive 
to share in his glory ; let him go in one of those mailed ships of war, which the 
rebellion has brouglit forth ; let him replace the same flag on the same sj)oLwith 
all the pomp of war, and all the solemnity of an act of religion ; and as the 
Southern wind kisses that standard, never more to be removed, let an hundred 
guns salute it from fcjrt and ship, and island ami city, as with the voices of a great 
jieople. proclaiming iheir majesty on the site of the first treason against it. [Loud 
cheers.] 

In our rejoicing let us lay to heart the great lesson which this history teaches, 
that avenging justice;, sooner or later, overtakes the crimes of connnunities and 
of nations, as of individuals. 

This rebellion was a crime ; it bad no plausible excuse, no decent pretext. 
The Government against which it rose, was a Government of the people, mild and 
beneficent. If it erred, its errors were easy to discover and not impossible or 
even difficult to remedy. If it was not always wise, it was not more unwise than 
the best of other governments. In its gentle sway it had displayed so little of 
force that it seemed fallen into weakness ; and they who rebelled against it, thought 
it had not strength enough to ve\)e\ aggression. They were mistaken ; the jwwer 
which seemed to be dead, was alive; it only slejit, and when it awoke it smote 
the rebels with the strength of a giant. From the Potomac to the Rio Grande, 
on the bayous of Louisiana, across the plains of Alabama, the mountains of 
Georgia, in the defiles of Tennessee, and along the magnificent rivers of Virginia, 
the conflict has raged with incessant fury, till the rebel armies ai'e driven back 
into the two States which were the last to enter into the revolt. 

The crime of the I'ebellion was the offspring of another and a greater crime, 
which had flourished for many years and grown strong and arrogant in its strength 
— the crime of human slavery. What mortal eye foresaw the doom that was im- 
pending over it? Who, but the Omniscient, could have seen that the strength 
of slavery was its weakness ; its pride, the source of its dishonor ; its arrogance, 
the cause of its overthrow. The stain which had fallen upon the American name 
has been washed with blood and burned with fire, till it scarce remains, except 
as a memento of man's wrong and God's justice. [Applause.] 

While thus reflecting upon what wo have passed through, let us pUdge ourselves 
to our country, to each other, and to posterity, that we will not rest nor falter till 
the wrong is entirely righted, till the rebellion is utterly overthrown, and till there 
shall be one flag, one heart and one hope, for all who dwell between the eastern 
and the western oceans. 

The work which remains before us, is hardly loss difficult than that which we 
have already performed We have not only the war to finish, but we have the 
still greater task of pacification. This great nation of thirty-six States is to be 
made united, peaceful and prosperous, with the rights of the States and the rights 
of individuals as clearly defined and as firmly secured as the rights of the Nation. 
Here is a field for the statesman's art — his most consummate art. Justice, not 
vengeance, should be his motto ; he should look more to the future than in the 
past. Some tilings may have been done — I think some things have been done 
in this war, even on our side, which must be remembered only to be avoided ; 



36 

there have been acts of power, which must not be drawn into precedent. We 
must remember lliat tliis complex system whicli renders the largest liberty of the 
citizen compatible with the greatesi strength of tlie Nation, isonly maintainable 
in connection with the indestructible authority of the States ; and that there only 
is real freedom, where the rights of every person, however humble, are beyond 
the caprice or the arbitrary will of any other person whomsoever. 

Let us struggle with all our might, first to scatter the last rebel battalion, and 
then to bring in again the reign of peace, and order, and law ; to establish on im- 
movable foundations, the one Nation and the many States ; to make each supreme 
in its proper sphere ; to build up defences, which no man may break, around the 
person of every human being of whatever party or complexion, and to transmit 
to our descendants this double government of ours, with all its rights and all its 
guarantees, as we hope it will remain, through innumerable ages. [Prolonged 
ai^plause.] 



HON. S. B. CHITTENDEN'S SPEECH. 

Mr. Chairman and Pkllow-Citizens, — The Conniiittee of Arrangements 
positively assured me that they intended to invite me to speak here to-day. Un- 
fortunately for my preparation, I received no such invitation ; but in considera- 
tion of their purpose 1 have consented to o2er a resolution which I am sure will 
find a quick and hearty response in the heart of every one present. 

Resolved. That in ratification of the pledge that was made on this spot on the 20th of April, 1861, 
ire renew our obligations to provide for the orpliRus of the brave men who fell in this struggle lor 
their country, and adopt them as the children of the Republic. 

Before putting the question on the resolution, let me say a simple word in 
favor of it. Events of mighty import follow each other swiftly in our times. 
Each new day, and almost every hour, brings some achievement or occurrence 
of more starthng significance than any that preceded it. The minds of all 
men are stretched to the utmost tension to grasp and measure the unreached 
future. Races of men and all the great interests of this great continent are 
rushing to their destiny, as the cramped and angry floods swell and plunge over 
the wild and craggy cliffs at Niagara. [Cheers.] " Victory, Union, Onward, 
Forward," are the watchwords that, fire and inspire all our hearts — these watch- 
words have too exclusively given direction to all that has been said here to-day. 
I venture to go back fur a topic with which to occupy a brief space. Four 
years ago countless thousands of stalwart men resolved here that the widows and 
children of those who gave their lives for their country should be cherished and 
cared for. [Cheers.] 'I'he resolution is intended to apply to the rank and file, 
the common soldiers in our brave armies. I love and honor the great Captains 
— no man can esteem better — who have led and who are leading our invincible 
hosts to final triumjih. But they have their reward. Their brave deeds are 
wafted on every bieeze, and shall be emblazoned on every page of history till 
time shall end. Not so with the common soldier. Not so witli ten thousand 
real heroes whose bearing no eye but God's eye has witnessed ; not so witti tea 
thousand whose unmarked graves, are made in the putrid swamps of the Caro- 
linas ; not so with the thousands of men whose bones are bleaching unburied 
on all the hilltops and in all the valleys where the battle has raged. These are 
the men to whom we owe obligations that can never be paid. ''J'heirs are the 
widows and children to whom we owe a debt of gratitude that it is impossible to 
exaggerate. [Cheers.] Give liberty and wing to the most brilliant imagination 
— tax to the uttermost the loftiest God-given intellect — exhaust the language in 
which we speak, and who shall frame a sentence which shall fitly and I'ully ex- 
press our obligatiinis to these nitn. [Loud applause.] 



37 

The Hon. A. Oakey Hall was next introduced and received 
with three cheers. He said : 

Feixow-Citizens, — Commercial and manufacturing New-York comes here to 
take an account of stock of war and victory. And, on recommendation of the 
county and city autiiorities, 1 have closed my office and am here to help you with 
the accounting. [Applause.] Commercial and manufacturing New-York has 
reason to exult at the events, more or less recent, which have again opened to 
her every seaport on the borders of rebellion, except Mobile. Nevertheless, that 
place may very soon say to Judge Busteed, '' Pack up your trunk, like Van Am- 
burgh's elephant, and come hither and show your tusks and hang out your rebels 
on the outward walls." [Laughter.] Before the rebellion these ports were 
among the fifty heads and hundred hands which this gigantic Briareus city had. 
Through four years they were paralyzed. Your classical chairman will recognize 
an appropriate comparison. For he will remember that when Juno, Nejitune 
and Minerva combined to dethrone Jupiter, that mythological giant Briareus 
ascended to the heavens, and so terrified the conspirators by his fierce and threat- 
ening looks that they desisted. Whilst rebel conspirators sought to dethrone 
Uncle Sam, New-York's attitude has been so maintained, that the hearts of the 
conspirators were chilled. [Cheers.] 'J'he people assembled to honor the brave 
soldiers and sailors who have destroyed the paialysis of these seaport heads 
and hands of commercial New-York. Our public men assemble to rencAv our 
vows, taken, whether at Chicago or Baltimore, that these and all other hands 
and hearts shall be restored to full health, as McClellan said, " 'J'he Union 
must be preserved at all hazards." A New-Yorker from infancy, I feel proud 
that this city has done so much towards this happy re.-ult, and prouder to think 
that she can do yet more. What has she done — this New-York with her thir- 
teen thousand acres ; with her four hundred churches ; with her two hundred 
journals and serials ; with her seventy-five thousand houses and million of inhab- 
itants by night, and many hundreds of thousands more by day, of population of 
all creeds and all nationalities. New- York — who, tln-oughout the wide world 
has opened her door to the exiled, the down-trodden and poor — what has she 
done for the maintenance of the Union, Constitution and laws ? She has re- 
cruited hundreds of thousands of soldiers and sailors, not only for herself but her 
neighbors. She has, by her peoples representatives in municipal councils, ap- 
plied millions for offence and defence, and not one cent nor one vole of tribute to 
rebellion. [Cheers.] Her merchants of all parties and her mechanics of all 
creeds have poured forth their wealth or sacrificed their haul earnings to main- 
lain inviolate the Republic of Washington. [Cheers.] Her angel women have 
ministered to the wounded and dying soldiers, or smiled the living heroes into 
fresher enthusiasm for victory. Slie has endowed hospitals and orphan asylums 
for the victims of war. [Cheers.] And ditl'ering even ])a?sionately oiten 
about the best mode of conducting the war, her citizens have ever emula'ed in 
their determination to prosecute it until peace and re-union come honorably to- 
gether. [Cheers.] The chorus of her battle-song has ever been : 

Hail tliou, Rf'pul)lic of Wasliiugton hail ! 
Never one star of thy Uuioii shill pale ; 
Thou hope of the world ! every omen ol' ill 
Must Hide in the light of thy destiny still, 
And time bring hut honor with increase to thee, 
Thou land of the beaulilul, Home of the freel 

[Immense cheers.] All that New-York City has done in the past to maintain 
the integrity of the Union, she is prepared to do in the future with tenfold 
vigor, I believe. There is reason for so saying. It is history that very many of her 
citizens wished a talk aljout peace concurrent with the action about war. Such 
a talk has been had. Theiehave been read several leaves out of Blaiis Rhetoric 



38 

and the Odes of Horace and Stephen's Commentaries. [Laughter.] But the 
Fortress Monroe doctrine was not lilved. [Renewed laugliter.] The talk was 
all on one .side. It was like the white num and the Indian's talk about the turkey. 
New-York City scouted the Fortress Monroe doctrine of separation and recog- 
nition. If a poj^ular vote could have been had since that talk occurred, I am 
sure, as a politician who has done some figuring in his day, there would not be 
any more nor any less votes for the proposition than there are electors in the 
lunatic asylum on Blackwell's Island. [Loud laughter and applause.] Perhaps 
when the Richmond oligarchy finds that New- York City celebrates these victories 
not only in a selfish and commercial point of view, but from a sturdy, patriotic, 
and no political, view of the integrity of the Union ; that oligarchy may ask for 
another edition of Blair's Rhetoric and the Odes of Horace. But the new 
editions are bound up in triple steel. They can only get at the pictures of the 
«^live branch by asking that the iron clasps be taken oft'. 'J'bey will be taken oft' 
for the asking. But the book must be read as we have written it. And when 
the olive branch is accepted, then, as the gallant Sherman said he would do, 
New-York City will share her last cracker witii Richmond, 'W'ilmington, and 
even (Charleston. [" That's so." Applause.] I have been, as you know — -as I 
am now, and always expected to be — a very decided and bitter personal politician 
— especially so towards many of the acts of the last administration. [Great Ap- 
plause.] But I am here in my capacity of a national citizen. And in that 
capacity, measuring the electors of this city, however, with a politician's knowl- 
edge, I believe that greater results of benefit will follow to the natum from this 
meeting than ensued from the first one, of April 1861, if those in power, whilst 
directing the machinery of war, will bo as magnanimous as brave, as generous as 
decided ; and will prove diplomatic whilst energetic. 

Among the twelve essentials given by the Baron Jomini towards making a 
perl'ect army is this one : " Excite and keep alive the military spiiit of tlie peo- 
ple." As the first means of encouraging this spirit, he advises that a nation in- 
vest the army with all possible social and public consideration. This meeting 
observes these truths. It is the j)rovince of other speakers here today to enlargi^ 
upon these special topics. But 1 should feel that our time was thrown away if 
we do not now date a method of honoring tlie military and investing the army 
with the highest social consideration, more i)ractical than by flag-flying, cannon- 
fiiing and speeches. It is just such an honor as Sherman, with his veteran army, 
would ask from our hands. [Cheers.] Such an one as McCiellan [renewed 
cheers,] and Fremont asked in their moments of victory, when they were in the 
fii'ld with very raw armies in the east and west. 'J'hat honor is the honor of the 
presence of more New-Yorkers yet in the army. [Applause.] 

What says the Chamber of Connnerce ? \Vhat the Corn and Petroleum Ex- 
changes ? What the brokeis, the lawyers, the LTnion, the AtheniEum, and the 
Leaguers' clubs? AVhat the trade associations ? What the Citizens' Associa- 
tion '? Wh;it that political society who lately, by resolution, envied the sailor and 
soldier? What say they, one and all, to the apj)ointnient by each of committees 
on recruiting? [Applause.] What say our merchants and tradesmen to de- 
voting a whole week to recruiting ? How many banks and insurance companies 
will ^ay, '■ We will pay any clerk a bounty of one thousand dollars to go, and 
let his salary contiime while he is absent, and for the benefit of his family?" 
I A]3plause.] 1 observe to-day a thousand flags displayed from as many drawing- 
rooms. Cannot their fair owners hang out other flags, inscribed, " Recruiting 
done here !" [Laughter and applause.] Mars and Venus have always pleasur- 
ably associated. Ail these things would partially carry out the Jomini maxims. 
I A voice, " Three cheers for Jomini."] Let us not be beguiled with notions 
that the war is ending. Perhaps it is ; then so much the better for us and our 
recruits. But if it cues nut soon end, then New-York will be doubly prei)ared. 



39 

You have not only to kill a snake, but keep it killed after sun-down. The allies 
thought their job over when Napoleon was caged in Elba. We may drive 
Davis to Nassau. But Waterloo came after Elba, and bigger battles may yet be 
fought in 'I'ennessee than have been fought by McCleliaii and Giant in their 
brave campaigns around Richmond. [(Jheers.] Let us be prepared. The rich 
man who says. " Oh the draft can't touch me, for I will buy a laborer for a sub- 
stitute," may find himself mistaken. How, Sir Cra>sus, if the laborers all volun- 
teer before you are drawn ? Or if they avoid the draft by emigrating quietly to 
places whose quotas are filled ? Theii suppose you find the substitute, sir ; how 
much may you have to ])ay him ? \ou can't leave this gigantic task all to the 
county and city authorities. Five hundred dollars subscribed tiiis week to the 
Goddess of War— and to her you may say, " Nymph, in all thy Orisons, Biunt's 
be remembered," [uproarious laughter and applause,] may saVe you as many 
thousands next month." Pi-ay, are you aware that the wards from which are 
called the largest quotas arc the wards of wealth? All tliesc; modes of celebra- 
ting victory and honoring the brave are those, I repeat, which Wellington Sher- 
man — our Duke of Victory — would ask at your hands. Is he not a practical 
man ? He will like piactical celebrations and ovations. He has unscrewed the 
South Carolina rockers of the cradle of secession, and now he is enn'ao'ed in tear- 
ing down the mosquito bars, canopies and rings above the cradle in the States of 
tar and tobacco. •' But he is going to be defeated," cries some croaker ; well, 
suppose he is. He ought to have one defeat for variety. It would make him, if 
possible, more determined. It would make his veterans more the veterans. But 
if defeat is anticipated, so much the more need of such a practical ovation as [ 
have described. For each of us must ever remember these gallant words : " I 
could not look in the face of niy gallant comrades of the army and navy, who have 
survived so many bloody battles'^ and tell them that their laljors and the sacrifice 
of so many of our slain and wounded brethren had been in vain ; that we had 
abandoned that Union for which we have so often periled our lives." Or : " Fii'in 
in our faith that God will save our country, we dedicate ourselves to the memory 
of brave men, and to loyalty, patriotism and honor." The speaker retired while 
enthusiastic cheers were given. 

Gen. Bruce was next introduced to the audience, and said : 

Mr. Prksidkxt .\nd Citizkxs of the United States, — - 

Wliy are you yet citizens of the United States? Only because, under God. you 
have a brave and gallant Army and Navy who, acting in concert with your 
Government, has won for us some of the most glorious and brilliant victories tJie 
world has ever witnessed. [Here Gen'l Bruce called for three cheers for f>ur 
" boys in blue," which were given with a will by the immense multitude, which 
made the "welkin ring".] Over whom were those victories now? VV^ere they 
over a foreign power, who had invaded our country ? No, it was an intestine fo(! 
— it was over those who with us have " grown with ihe growth and streno-thenecl 
with the strength" of this great and miglity nation, but who have rebelled'against 
the authority of the (government,, and sworn before high heaven, that our republic 
should be destroyed, blotted out, and, on its ruins, a slaveocracy should arise. 
At the moment when that Christian soldier and patriot, Gen'l Anderson who 
stands at my side, was compelled to strike our National Flag from its staff on Fort 
Sumter, he struck the hearts of all loyal men in the country whose united cry with 
the army has been " march on, march on, all hearts resolved, on vict(;iy or 
death." From that time to the present, whoever has put himself in opposition 
to the Government in its elForts to crush out this infamous rebellion has been 
ground as Ijeneath the upper and nether millstones. As it has been, so it will 
be. The loyal heart wilt sustain the Government in all its efforts to put down 



40 

this rebellion. I know not what others may do ; but as for myself, sir, I say, be- 
fore God, I will stand by ray Government in this hour of its peril, and support it 
cordially and earnestly — right or wrong. [This sentiment was received with 
£;reat applause.] 1 am no stickler for constitutional warfare in such a conflict as 
this. Put down the rebellion at all hazards, party or no party, constitution or 
no constitution. I would rather have our glorious Goverument without a Consti- 
tution than to have our " glorious Constitution " without the Government. We 
must and shall succeed. Let us rejoice with exceeding joy that the day of our 
national redemption is drawing nigh. I am glad to witness this magnificent de- 
monstration. 1 agree with Mr. John Van Buren that it is well it did not take 
place on Saturday, but comes otT to-day. We now know what we did not know 
on Saturday, which is. that " Phil " Sheridan has not only got on his spurs and 
in his saddfe, but has won another victory. The cry of our noble army comes up 
to us in thunder tones, saying : 

Swell the grand war cry, no'er let it bo husbe'l 
Till rebellion and treason lie broken and crushed, 
Till the sun as it dips in the far Western wave, 
Sets full on a land both loyal and brave. 

Strike, strike for the Union our Fathers achieved, . 

Strike for the flag that from them we received. 
Strike and spare not, till turongh the wide land, 
Old Liberty's altars triumphantly stand. 

One word to our young men. You have an interest in the result of this con- 
flict which those of us past the meridian of life cannot have. Long may you 
live to enjoy the victory for our Government which it is certain to win. Do 
then your whole duty now, whether it be at home or in the army of the Re- 
public, where thousands of our young men are making a record upon the page of 
history which will be as enduring as the country itself. 

Finally, my fellow-citizens, let us all do our duty, and we can soon demonstrate 
to the world the great American doctrine that we are capable of self government, 
and when we have closed up this rebellion we will, if need be, build anew the 
Temple of our Freedom upon some political Pisgali, with its high battlements 
reaching to the heavens, and fcom tlie apex of its lofty dome we will fling our 
banner again to the breeze, having upon its starry folds the inscription, national 
in its character and meaning, " Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and 
inseparable." 

Wm. E. Dodge, Esq., was next introduced and spoke as follows : 

Fellow-Citizens, — 

At this late hour I will not detain you with a speech. I had intended, had 
time permitted, to review some of the predictions so ostentatiously paraded by 
the South at the commencement of the war, bat I will now only ask you to re- 
member what they said about the City of Charleston. This was to be the great 
commercial centre of the Confederacy, and was to increase in wealth and traffic, 
while New-York, deprived of the trade of the Southern States, and the ship- 
ment of their cotton, would decline until the grass should grow in her deserted 
streets. 

Look now, fellow-citizens, and compare the arrogant boast with its fulfilment : 
Charlest(m desolated and ruined, a standing monument of rebellion and its fruits, 
while iVew-York stands to-d;iy in all her glory, controlling and governing the 
commerce of this great continent. 

I wish this day that Jefferson Davis and General Lee could have been com- 
pelled, here, on yonder corner, to witness with us the mighty march that held us 
enchained for hours as it flowed onward with its thousands of earnest, hopeful 
hearts, that they could have seen this grand uprising of the freemen of the 
North. Not even they could have doubted of our success ! 



41 

But my friends, in this liour of triumph, in this day of assured success, lot 
me detain you hut one moment to urge you once more to renewed eilbrt ; let us 
go on, and finish up the business we have undertaken, till the flag of our Union 
floats undisputed over evciy foot of our country's territory. And may we ever 
remember the brave men who have gone forth to tight our battles, while we liave 
remained at home, who stand a wall of (ire between us and our enemies. Let 
us show our gratitude to those who have done so much for us, by caring fitr 
tbem in sickness and in health, in wounds and in death, and above all for their 
wives and children, whose care is our most sacred and imperative duty. 

Mr. W. W. Broo:\[ was introduced to the vast assembly as one 
of our firmest friends in Great Britain, wlio has, from the break- 
ing out of the rebellion, lectured and spoken in the manufactur- 
ing districts of Lancashire and Manchester with great success, in 
favor of an undivided Union of the United States. 

W. W. BROOM'S REMARKS. 

Amkuican Citizens, — On behalf of the working classes of England, but more 
especially on behalf of the operatives in the cotton districts of England, I ad- 
dress you this evening. They are your friends, they desire your complete success. 
In spite of Southern agents. Southern gold, Southern falsehoods — in spite of 
closed Mills, denuded homes, and forced idleness — they have admired your Con- 
stitution, hoped for the progress of American Republicanism, and have prayed 
for the triumph of your Government over all its secret and avowed enemies. 

As the first Union advocate who addressed, taught and inspired the operatives 
of Manchester on behalf of the North, I speak to you emphatically in a repre- 
sentative character. 

I hail, then, with hearty enthusiasm your victoiuks. I accept with pro- 
found aclmiration the mighty omen of your speedy triumph ! Your cause no 
longer fluctuates, your policy no longer vacillates — it is a continuous stream of 
fflorious purification, rushing with undeviating power through the wilderness of 
treason atrainst man's progress and God's laws. 

Only four years have passed since treason against national prosperity and 
liberty started on its hell-path of desolation ! Look back for a moment. Then 
you were without a standing army, (worth naming,) without a navy fit to cope 
with great enemies or able to blockade your magnificent coast. With prosper- 
ing energy you studied the industrial arts, engaged in manufacturing enterprises, 
and made commerce subservient to political, moral and religious progress. 
Avoiding " entangling alliances " with thrones and aristocracies, you set an ex- 
amjjle (alas ! there was one drawback) to the Old World. But the spoiler came 
in the night. Hushed in repose, you heard him not till his hissing breath 
startled your ear, and his cruel hand was upon your throat. Napoleonism grin- 
ned a ghastly smile, and aristocratic numskulls twittered with delight. " Ala- 
bamas " were projected, to plunder and ruin ; political scoundrels united with 
the Judas of freedom to " fire " the unemployed of Lancashire, a Southern Loan 
was raised to assist in destroying nationality, and steam-rams were planned on 
the shores of negro emancipation ! 

Now ! all is changed. Vast armies f^f citizen soldiers have marched over a 
thousand battle-spots — soldiers who are not machines, but citizens — were paid, 
were fed, strong in arm. of resolute heart, and inspired with patriotism. A great 
navy floats on the seas, on your rivers and lakes, springing as from an enchant- 
er's island. So the much-sneeredat •' paper blockade " has become a veritable 

6 



belt of latent fire ! The Federal Government sits securely supreme in a coronet 
of a million bayonets. Stroiigbold after stronghold falls. State after State is 
marched through. Horde after horde of traitors are taken prisoners or fly be- 
fore brave soldiers. The holy Nemesis has come at last. Napoleonism gapes 
with astonished disap]3ointment upon the scene. The color fades from the 
cheeks of monarchs. Aristocracies are dumb in the presence of the refreshened 
republican giant emerging from a bath of heroic blood. Tory journalists have 
to " bolt " their " articles," and the holders of Southern " scrip " have to dine off 
of — delusion ! 

Four years have passed ! and tiine is cheered as he passes through the 
growth of the New World. The Stars and Stripes are washed in the blood of 
patriots ; its stars are now the crystalized tears of joy of unbound captives. 
The sta7-s dart their rays of everlasting beauty into the regions of oppression, 
darkness and despair. The American banner is an emblem of hope, encourage- 
ment and safety. It is the sign of peace, prosperity and progress. It tells of 
pauperism transformed, the drooping inspired and oppressed rescued. 

The heart of tlie Lancashire operative will leap with joy when he reads the 
long list of your victories, and learns lliat your nation is saved. Flis devotion to 
your cause, "his rough handling of sophistries, his patient endurance will be richly 
rewarded in the triumph of your Government, the victories of your army and 
navy, and the salvation of your country. 

A glorious destiny is now revealed for this continent. An immense temple 
devoted to freedom — freedom unclouded, unimpeded— for slavery is killed on 
battle-fields and buried in an amended Constitution. In less than a century, a 
mighty republic has been organized, purified, and made stable 1 The age of 
miracles has not ceased— only" the worker is changed— the people are the seers. 

Heaven be praised ! before long you will have to meet again to proclaini the 
finatVictorj, to rejoice over the sheathing of the sword and the spiking of the 
cannon. You can see the sun rising of your cloudless day of Liberty and a per- 
fected Nationality. The traitors against the advance of civilization are reced- 
ing into the outer darkness of eternal oblivion. Yon are saved, through you 
mankind is saved and the whole future is blessed ! 

The address of Mr. Broom was received with enthusiastic cheers 
and long continued applause. 

As the meeting was about to adjourn, Gen. Walbridge sub- 
mitted the following resolution, which was adopted : 

Resolved, That the citizens of New- York, here assembled to commemorate the 
success of the National arms and the continued triumph of the Constitutional 
cause, hereby respectfully recommend the Board of Supervisors to give whatever 
additional bounties are requisite to fill the present quota demanded of the City 
and County of New- York : as the most practical and efficient means of strength- 
ening the general Government in its efforts to suppress the existing rebellion. 

At the hour appointed for the display of fireworks, the meeting 
adjourned. 



43 



STAND NO. 2. 

Situated on the west side of Union Square and immediatclj in 
front of the Atlienteum Club, was tastefully decorated with the 
national colors and portraits of the heroes of the war. General 
P. M. Wetmore, in a few spirited remarks, called the meeting to 
order and nominated Gen. Hiram Walbkidge, for President. 
Charles P. Blake, Esq., read the resolutions which were unani- 
mously adopted. 

Gen. H. Walbridge then said : 

Friends and Fkllow-Citizens,— Four years ago from this very spot, when it 
was still uncertain wliat was to be the action of the Aineiican people, in the 
terrible internecine war, then first inaugurated, by the bold, bad, wicked conspir- 
ators of treason in the South, in their mad attempt to overtiirow constitutional 
government, this great commercial metropolis, representing a million of men, and 
tiie commercial enterprise of the Western Hemisphere, solemnly pledged to the 
support of the Government in behalf of Constitutional Freedom, its unlimited 
resources in men and means. How faitlifiilly it has redeemed the pledge then 
made, let the unparaleiled success of our victorious arms bear its triumphant 
testimony. Every contlict from the origin of the strife to the last announcement 
of victory, has been strengthened and sustained by some gallant son of our own 
Einpire State, while the resources so indispensable to the successful prosecution 
of the struii'gle, have been poured forth by the merchant princes of this com- 
mercial meimpolis. as freely as water from the gushing torrent. No sacrifices 
however great, no demands however excessive, have not been met with cheerful- 
ness and alacrity, 'i'he enterprising, indomitable, intelligent men, that around 
this beautiful bay have reared these habitations, and constructed this mart of 
commerce, realize" that the success of all martial enterprises is contingent not only 
upon the moial support given the army by the; people at home, but also upon the 
strength of their exchequer. This has been true to a great extent since war was 
first introduced among men. but it is more emphatically true, as modern warfare 
is now cotiducted. And it will be found to be the experience of modern times 
that the nations whose fiscal resources are strongest will be most likely to ])revail 
in any military enterprise in which they may be engaged. " What is the condi- 
tion of the funds?" was the inquiry of England's most astute and gifted Prime 
Minister, AVilliam Pitt, wlien advised of one of the great successes of that fran- 
scendant genius, the elder Napoleon, whose pathway was marked by the overthrow 
of empires and tlie dethronement of kings. When answered that the public 
credit was unshaken, he observed : " We can submit to these casualties of wai% 
for the strenijht of our exchequer will enable us to weary out this Corsican yet." 
Great as have been our contributions in men, and enormous as have been the 
advances in money, to sustain the Government in its prosecution of the war, the 
matrnitude of our charities has invested the contest with a sublime enthusiasm 
which pariakes of the nature of our divine religion, and sanctifies the cause it 
represents. With more than a million of men in arms, vindicating the national 
authority and upholding the constitutional cause, all the ordinary functions of the 
General Government have continued to be performed with almost that regularity 
that marks tire movements of the celestial spheres. All the great d^'pnrtmcnts 



4i 

of human life and industry, in the constitutional North, have continued to dis- 
charge their wonted oirices with the same order, regularity and decorum that 
attended society previous to the inauizuration of this, the most gigantic Rebellion 
of either ancient or modern times. VVhile these great military enterprises have 
have been conducted on a scale unparalelled in history, the civil administration 
of the Government has offered protection to tlie citizen and security to his 
property. It was the boast of the admirers of Frederick the Great, that while 
he prosecuted those vast military enterprises, which have invested his name and 
reign with immortal renown, he continued at the same time to conduct those civil 
enterprises, which developed the resources of liis empire, and gave dignity and 
power to his administratiun. 'J'he policy that Frederick inaugurated — himself 
an absolute monarch — has been prosecuted by the Government of the United 
States, acting in obedience to the instincts and wishes of the people whom they 
represent. Thus, it will be seen in whatever aspect the case may be regarded, a 
government resting for its security, on the action of an intelligent people, will 
always be found suOiciently vigorous to protect their interest, and to advance 
their renown. 'J'he elder Adams asserted that the celebration of the Declaration 
of Independence on the 4th day of July, 177G, would tliereafter be marked by 
bonfires and illuminations, and would be hailed with thanksgivings and praise 
by the descendants of the men of the Revolution ; for on that day they declared 
their complete emancipation from the tyrannies of Great Britain. Hereafter our 
descendants shaU commemorate the 4th of March, i8(J5,as marking an epoch in the 
history of the American people, for on that day, at the national Ca])itol with impos- 
ing ceremonies, and in conformity with the forms of the Constitution, the consum- 
mation of that great act took place which was inaugurated by the people at the 
polls in November last. It records for all time that an enlightened people are 
adequate to administer their own Government, and that the liberti^'S ot the people 
may be safely confided to their own administration. Kot only the friends of absolu- 
tism, but even those of Constitutional monarchy, have hitiierto asserted that 
there were so luany inherent defects, in society it was absolutely impossible to 
institute a tree government where all men were politically equal, without being 
subjected to those violent convulsions, which, sooner or later, terminate in anarchy 
and in the overthrow of the civil Administration of the State. Jn confirmatioa 
of these views, they point to the melancholy history of the early Republics, for- 
getting that since that era in human aiiairs the public understanding has been 
illuminated by the blaze of letters and the genius of freedom, 'i'hey who reason 
that the people are inadequate to the control of their own affairs, forget that since 
those early failures, the press has been introduced — that third estate, more pow- 
erful than kings or ministers, and more potent for good or for evil than any other 
organization recognized in society. Said the gifted Sheridan, " you may have a 
corrupt House of Lords, and a venal House of Comujons, but, with the untram- 
melled freedom of the press. I will preserve inviolate the liberties of the British 
people." This sentiment of the great Commoner is confirmed by our experience, 
and may be recognized as an axiom in the political administraiion of every mod- 
ern government. It is impossible to conceive that ever a people will be called 
upon to determine gr, ater questions afl'ecting their interests, than those which 
were submitted to the American people in the great siruggle in which we have 
been and are still engaged — four yeais of bloody, desolating, civil war, involving 
the lives of hundreds of thousands of brave and athletic men — the flower and 
hope of the Itepublic — a gigantic debt, mortgaging indefinitely the future, 'i'he 
continued prosperity and renown of the I-ie])ublic, or a shameful surrender with 
humiliating comlitions and the disruption of the Lliiion, are the alternatives that 
have been presented fur the action of the American people. Fortunately, not 
only for us, but for the record of the past, and the still more illustrious record 
that awaits us in the future, this great American peo})le have not shrunk 
from the responsibilities which have impended over them : fully conscious of 



45 

the new sacrifices that would be refinircd, and tboroug:hly impressed A^^ith the 
momentous consequences involved, they determined, like Milton's Abdiel, to remain 
unawed, unterrified. and unseduced, from the g'raiid purpose upon wiiicli they 
entered in April, 18G1, of holding together these independent ritute Sovereign- 
ties, under one grand Federal Union, as it came to ihem from the hands of itg 
illustrious founders. I would not willingly draw the vail that obscures the past, 
yet. in ttiis august presence of ihe people, I cannot but linger to inquire how dif- 
ft^Ttnt would have been the anniversary of this day, if the people, yielding to 
gloomy forebodings and timid apprehensions, had given a different verdict from 
that wliich was so triumphantly recorded by the re-election of the existing Ad- 
ministration ? It is true we might then have met, as we here meet to-day, to 
commemorate, not only the success of our victorious armies, but the reinaugura- 
tion of another Administration ; but who does not realize it would have been to 
chronicle the disgracefnl recognition, that the war for the success of Constitu- 
tional Govcrment had been a failure ; and the people having acquiesced in this 
decision, there would have remained for foreign Governments but oni^ course to 
pursue — the recognition of the so-called Confederate Government, in its wicked 
and mad attempt to overthrow the Constitutiiinal Government of the United 
States. ]3ut the popular verdict, as expressed through the ballot box, gives an 
earnest to the Great Powers of Kurope, that the American people, however they 
may be divided upon subordinate or immaterial questions, on the great question 
of the unity of the Kepublic, are one, united, entire, and indivisible, and that from 
whatever quarter any recognition that looks to a separation of these States is to 
come, that action will be met by the united, vigorous, determined resistance of 
the entire American people. Understand me. 1 realize full well what such an 
effort may cost. It Uiay impose additional burdens ; it may call for new levies ; 
it may still further mortgage the future, but the American people realize that our 
lakes, our livers, our mountains, our plains, all confirm the great truth, that God 
in his providence assigned the territory confided to the American people for one 
nation, and that it should be the home of a homogeneous people — a people who, 
in the future as in the past, under the genius of free institutions, arc to exem- 
plify the noblest attributes of the human race. The recent action of Congress, 
in the amendment of the organic law. forever exterminating the refractory element 
in our political system, has invested the contest with additional claims, not only 
to our renewed exertions, but demands the earnest, cordial and sincere respect of 
the lovers of ficedom in every quarter of the habitable globe. This, then, is no 
longer a war simply for the suppression, of the Rebellion; it is a great moral 
conflict for the rights of human nature, applicable not only to our condition, but 
equally applicable to the permanent prosperity of all the tribes and races of men, 
wherever society is organized, wherever language is spoken, wherever religion is 
revered, or humanity awakens a responsive chord in the human breast. I am 
perfectly aware that the end is not yet ; and so long as the insurgent States are 
permitted to marshal two griat armies in defence of their wicked and unjustifiable 
cause, the sacrifices that we are culled upon to make cannot be diminished. But 
since successful war is a contest of forces, recognizing our strength and their 
weakness, the period is not far distant when the American people are to become 
interested, not more in sustaining their armies than in the reorganization of 
society over the revolted States, then restored by the power of our arms to the 
control of the Federal Government. This arduous duty is to involve statesman- 
ship, as broad and beneficieiit as tlie valor of our troops has been sublime 
and unsurijasscd. Jt is perhaps, too early to indicate what line of policy in the 
future is best, when we come to lay again broad and deep the foundations of the 
republic over those Stat s that have been in rebellion. But there is one great truth 
which the experience of the past has lefr, upon all thinking and reflecting minds : 
the fatal heresy of placing State rights paramount to the Federal Constitution 
is the rock on which the liberties (•! this great pe()|ile were nearly stiauded. Let 



46 

those then, to whom is to be confided the adjustment of the future, not ignore 
this experience, nor fail to give to the Federal (jroverument those plenary powers 
by which, under the guidance of an enlightened Administration, they may preserve 
the puiilic liberties, not only from ilie horror of civil strife, but defend it equally 
against any assault by any foreign foe. The tenth article in the amendmeut to 
the Federal Constitution, declares " that the powers not delegated to the United 
States by that instrument, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the 
States respectively, or to the people." It is pertinent to inquire, in view of the 
recent complications, through which we have passed, and through which we are 
now passing, when the public tranquillity is again re-established and our victorious 
armies have secured the blessings of peace, whether that article of the (Jonstitu- 
tion should not be so amended as to declare that the power hitherto reserved to 
the States respectively ought not to be reserved and given to the Federal Cou- 
sttution itself. The men who framed that organic law were equal to the exigen- 
cies of their day and generation ; they founded a government without an equal. 
It has thus far discharged all its obligations with fidelity. But to their descend- 
ants has been confided the equally sublime mission of correcting whatever defects 
have been found to exist in their labors, so that the Government may be trans- 
mitted with equal vigor to those that come after us, and that we may contribute 
our just proportion to that vast fund of social, political and moral power, on 
which alone the foundations of a well regulated constitutional government must 
forever rest. 

Gen. Walbridge was frequently interrupted with applause, and 
in conclusion, offered the following resolution, which was unani- 
mously adopted: 

Resoli'ed, That the citizens of New- York, here assembled to commemorate the 
success of the National arms, and the continued triumph of the constitutional 
cause, hereby respectfully recommend the Board of Supervisors to give whatever 
additional bounties are requisite to fill the present quota, demanded of the City 
and County of New-York, as the most practical and efficient means of streiiglheu- 
ii3<'' the General Government, in its efforts to suppress the existing rebellion. 

Chauncey Shaffer, Esq., was next introduced and spoke at 
considerable length, and with marked effect. He was followed 
by Charles F. Blake, Esq., who spoke as follows: 

Mb. Frksident and Fkllow-Citizens, — On the 4th day of March, 1861, the 
American people was engrossed by ttie arts of peace. 'I'he Executive talent of 
the country was' engaged in the prosecution of private enterprises, and able 
men were building railroads, carrying on manufactures, developing the agricultural 
wealth of the great West, or sending their ships to bear our commerce and our 
fla"' to distant seas. On every side the private afiklrs of men absorbed their 
thoughts, and alone attracted their interest and their efforts. Amid the scenes of 
their industry and upon a people which for nearly half a century had hardly 
heard the clash of arms, a great conspiracy hud just been developed. It was 
souo-ht, by every means of fraud and force, to br.'ak up our (government and 
destroy our national existence. We scarcely new whether we had an army, for 
officers who had sworn allegiance to the flag, were daily deserting it in .areat 
numbers, and striking hands with those who sought to tear it down. Our navy 
had been dispersed to every sea. No system of taxation ma'shalled the resources 
of the country for its defence. At the North none knew whether his neighbor 
was friend or foe, and the advocates of the conspiracy amon^us maintained its 



47 

cause with unblushing boldness. Unarmed, unprepared with men or money to 
uphold our Government, our arsenals stripped of their best munitions, we seemed 
about sinking into national disintegration and political death. 

Compare this picture with that presented here to-day, and how impressive the 
contrast. We are assembled in thousands, and by acres, to celebrate the victories 
of heroic armies. Our navies have taught the world a new art of war .ipou the 
seas. Millions of dollars are daily lent to the Government by practical and 
prudent men. The President speaks, and tens of thousands of men spring to 
arms. In New-York, when the people voted against Mr. Lincoln by a majority 
of more than thirty thousand, the voluntary effort of the people furnishes 
more men daily to the Government than any enforced system of recruitment 
could possibly obtain. Public opinion imperatively demands loyalty to the 
Union, and the few dissenting voices which were raised against this celebration, 
have been silenced by the enthusiastic patriotism of the masses. And the Re- 
public now stands before the world ready, exhaustless mistress of her resources, . 
unalterably certain that under no possible circumstance, she need fear the dis- 
memberment of her empire or the dishonor of her flag. 

Mr. President, Me are reminded by this contrast, that in all evil there is good. 
Certainly, no one shall outdo me in condemning the men at the South, and at the 
jSorth too, for there M'ere such in both political parties who have brought this 
great calamity upon us. But in this, as in all troubles, thei-e are infinite consola- 
tions. We find them in the splendid valor which has won the triumph we are 
assembled to commemorate. We lind them in the honor shed upon our country 
by Grant and Sherman, and Farragut,and by Sheridan in the Valley. We lind 
them in the spirit of the people elevated, ennobled and purified by the sacrifices 
they have ujade and, the suffering they have endured. Jt is not alone the glory 
which gilds the record of our victories, — it is not alone pride of achievement at 
home and the admiration wrung from unwilling lips abroad, which should fill us 
with gladness to-day. It is rather, that in this struggle we have strengthened 
and developed our power, that we have deepened the patriotism of our people, 
and made our country nobler in her aims and higher in her purposes. 

There is one thing we have gained by this war to which I desire particularly 
to advert. It (bund us rich, prosperous, fortunate in our enterprises, making 
vast progress in all material respects. But it also found us nationally immature. 
We did not lack confidence in ourselves, but our habit of boasting, which used 
to trouble our friends across the water, indicated more ambitious ine.\perience 
than the well poised certainty of tried and tested strength. W^e were very 
sensitive to European criticism. The strictures of the English press upon our 
Government found an attentive though an irritable audience here. 'J'he war has 
changed all that. The day has passed, when gentlemen writing in London at- 
tacks, could dictate opinions to New-York and San Francisco. We are very 
happy that the press of Europe is beginning to understand the American rpiestion ; 
but it is for them that we regoice, and not for ourselves. If England cannot under- 
stand our power and resources, so much the worse for her. We feel at length 
our own manhood. The events of this great struggle have cut the leading 
strings which bound us to the public opinion of Europe. What power can now 
talk to us of war ? What European statesman can teach us how to develop the 
strength of a government or to marshal the resources of a people ? W^e have at 
length a history and precedent of one. enough to guide us in any emergency. In 
the war of the Revolution and of 1812 we achieved material and political inde- 
pendence. In this struggle, conducted among ourselves, we have crowned two 
great works and won moral and intellectual freedom of America. 

Mr. President, it was time that this deliverance should come. W^ith the end 
of the war, now plainly seen, new questions will arise demanding all our vigor 
and resolution. The resources of this country have grown so great, that they 
require for their administration a natural intellect and will, untrannneled by the 



48 

fear of foreign criticism. We must resume our natural place at the head of the 
American political system. The events of this war have vindicated our form of 
government, and it will be our higii duty to gnard it against aggression from 
abroad. No dynastic interests sliould bind American soil to the vicissitudes of 
European politics. Americans, of whatever nationality, must enjoy the right 
to govern themselves in their own way. Prepared to maintain these principles, 
by the ti ials through which we have passed, we shall find our great task easy of 
achievement, and the victories which will give us back our government invigor- 
ated and reformed by the dangers it has overcome, will thus lend stability and 
life to the free institutions of a whole continent. [Cheers.] 



Col. Elliott F. Siiepard was next introduced and spoke as 
follows: 

SPEECH OP COL. E. F. SHEPAIID. 

Mr. President and Ffllow-Citizkns, — Like a mountain in the historical 
landscape, President's Day aflbrds a good stand-point lor views, both of the 
past and the future. Four years ago the public mind was disturbed with gloomy 
forebodings about the conspiracy against the country, which all knew to be 
ripening, but which none knew where to limit. There were those resident in 
our own city who were aiders and abettors of the plot ; " our own familiar 
friend" seemed about to " lift up his heel against us." The offices created 
under the Constitution were filled with the Catalines and Guy Fawkeses of the 
band, and much of the public war material had been adroitly played into their 
hands. A sense of impending danger, distrust and despondency prevailed, and 
we hardly knew whether we were long to have a country or not. 

To-duy, how changed is all this ! To-day, you rejoice over the longest list of 
the most magnificent victories, on lund and water, that ever illustrated military 
annals. [Applause.] Those victories have been provoked by that slaveholders 
rebellion which caused the gloom of the last olympiad, and they confirm the Re- 
public as the patrimony of Americans. Say not: that we may not rejoice over 
these victories ; for, though achieved in a civil war, by preserving the Union 
which blesses all who live under its benign government, those victories are a 
matter of rejoicing as well for those rebels who shall survive to times of peace, 
and for their descend.mts and for the descendants of those who have fallen, as 
for us wlio have never wandered from our allegiance. Say not that we have 
no right to rejoice over these victories ; for we have in them whipped those 
nations, who have covertly supplied the rebels with means of war, and would, 
but for them, be openly fighting us now. Thus are they also victories over 
foreign foes. [Applause.] 

When the first blow was struck in April, 1861, this same square saw you as- 
semble in your patriotism, and pledge your fortunes, your lives and your sacred 
honor to your country. I remember upon that occasion calling your attention 
to a beautiful phenomenon which lent additional grandeur to the scene. As if 
to give Heaven's approval to freemen's resolves, the light that rules the day, and 
the lesser light that rales the night, each in its place in the sky, and both simul- 
taneously plainly visible, stood sponsors to your vows : heaven and earth met to- 
gether, and war and righteousness kissed each other. [Applause.] To-day you 
meet again, and, behold, they again attend your meeting! 'I'here in the West is 
the sun, and tfiere in the zenith is the moon. For four years you have been true 
to your vows, you have stood by your country. " In the mouth of two or three 
witnesses shall every word be e3tal)lished ;" and there are the two heavenly 
witnesses come to bear evidence that you have manfully and faithfully kept your 



49 

word. [Appluu.-e. Here ^;i Inind playing "The .Star Spangled Banner" 
mounted the platform, and Col. Shepard, having waited until the niusicwas con- 
cluded, re.-<iuued.] 

•• 'I'lie Star Spangled B;inner I" Aye. the war is not " a failure." [Applause.] 
Before iliat banner, by the blessing of (iod, see how the rebels have '-ceased 
from hostilities." 

Foote, Porter and Fan-agut waved it along tlie .\Iissis.sippi, and the rebels 
shrank from its bauk.s as from an earthquake. [Cheers.] Hooker, Meade and 
Sheridan waved it along the Potomac, and there the rebehs water their honses 
uo more. [Cheers.] iMitchell, Sherman. Terry and Gilbuore waved it along the 
Atlantic, and Savainiah, Wilmington and Charleston, like sepulchres of patriot- 
ism, gave up their living corpses of rebels which contained no patri^jtism. [Cheers.] 
Sherman, Thomas and Bnrnside waved it in Tennessee and Ceorgia, and the 
prophetic fate of thn Oitomiui Empire, that it should " be dried up," fell upon 
the rebel fii'ld of supjjlies. [Cheers.] VVinslow waved it at the '-Alabama," and 
that Anjflo-rebel pirate sank in a returnless plunge to the bottom of ihe ocean. 
[Cheers.] And now, from the tour cardinal points, see converging columns ad- 
vancing — Thomas from the West, Canby and Sherman from the South, Scho- 
field from the ]<kst, Sheridan from the North, advancing and converging in obedi- 
ence to the plans of that impassive man, U. S. Urant, [cheers,] United States 
Crant, [cheers,] Union Saving Grant, [cheers,] under him finally to strike the 
last blow at the rebellion, as the rebels struck the tirst at the Union ; to strike 
the last blow, in wiiich shall meet destruction and peace, destruction for the 
traitors, and peace for the country. [Applause.] And tell me what ensign is 
that at the head of those columns? What flag waves there? It is the same 
with all of them, and it is the Star Spangied Banner ! [Cheers.] JVo ignominy 
can ever overtake it; temporary defeat will but deepen its lustre, and victory 
hath scarcely a beam of splendor to add to it. [Applause.] 

Thus, fellow-citizens, you recount many things for which you are grateful to 
heaven, and of which you are .justly proad. But let us turn to the future. I 
know that a depper sentiment than even appreciation of Union victories, is one 
of the causes of your rejoicing. 'I'he men who have done their duty hitherto, 
will know how to do it hereafter ; and it is the consciousness that your devotion 
to your country is even stronger than it was in iSGl, which most kindles your 
hearts. Then you sent forth armies Now, fill up those armies! Repeat the 
struggles and the sacrifices which you have aciiieved already! 'I'he closing 
victory will then be you's before harvest, and you shall enter into the rewards 
of all your struggles and sacrifices, and prove how deep was that patriotism 
which you have already proved to be sincere, and how rational was your rejoic- 
ing on the present occasion. [Applause.] 

The improvement in your feelings in four years, has been equalled by the im- 
provement in the country at large. What have lieen the changes and the pro- 
gress of this period, it is not for me now to rehearse. But our Country, like 
the statne of herself which then lay in the public grounds at Washington, was 
prostrate ; now, like that same statue, which has mounted to its ])lace upon the 
majestic dome of the Capitol, where it gives back glory to the rising sun, armed 
for self-defence, and ble-'.sing her peojile, America has risen to her own place 
among the nations, prt-pared for war though loving peace, her foot planted on 
eurtli, whilst her faith towers away into the skies. [Cheers.] 

After which General John Cochrane was next presented to 
tlie audience, and spoke as follows : 

It was utterly impossible for any orator to do justice to the importance of the 
movement which agitated the people's mind at tins time. The glittering scenes 

7 



50 

just passed by were to be impressed upon them by the orator's words, but it was 
impossible to do so. We stood here the representatives of a great people, who 
come hither to endorse and crown the deeds of our brothers in the field. Victory 
though celebrated now, was not complete to the soldier unless the people at home 
nerved and sustained the arms of the leaders. Lessons were taught by this 
occasion which should be profited by. One was that when a great people had 
established itself it could never be affected by rebellion, and any attempt at 
rebellion must inevitably go down ; and though reverses may be met with, they 
will only be momentary. Sheridan, Thomas, Sherman and Grant, would rein- 
tegrate the Union, and their names would descend to posterity, crowned with the 
laurels they so brilliantly won and richly deserve. The fact, too, was fully estab- 
lished that slavery was the beginning, the vital force, and would be the end of 
the rebellion ; for already the rebel Congress was agitating the question of free- 
ing the negro, and the rebels appealing to the slaves to save their masters from 
destruction ; but it was useless, for nothing could save them now from their 
doom. We were a great country, even in the midst of our adversity, for we had 
the material for it among us. The country had never been without an army ; 
our volunteer army was always like old veterans — fully adequate to the emer- 
gency. At first, generals were wanted, but now they were also found, and the 
result was not far distant, for the rebellion was in its last agony. Sherman had 
dissevered the South ; Sheridan vanquished the proudest troops of Virginia ; 
Grant kept Lee in his den ; Thomas has routed the proud Hood, and Porter on 
the seas, with Terry and Schofield on land, held the rebellion on the coast in their 
iron grasp. The news kept up favorable every day, and the end would be in a 
few days, when peace and prosperity would return, and the people rejoice over 
our common country. 



51 



STAND NO. 3. 

Corner of TJniversity Place and Seventeenth Street. 

Speeches hy Dr. Lieber, General Cochrane, Judge Dean, Rev. 
Mr. Boole and George T. Noyes, Esq. Dr. Lieber was unani- 
mously chosen to preside over the meeting at this stand. Eev. 
Dr. Hitchcock opened the proceedings with prayer, after which 
the Chairman spoke as follows. 

Fellow-Citizens, — When American citizens meet as you do this day — loyal 
and liberty loving men — to celebrate the victories and achievements of our forces 
on land and sea, there is one achievement, one fact, which deserves the praise and 
gratitude of freedom and of all the partakers of our great institutions even more 
than the victories on the battle-field do. Do not fear, my fellow-citizens, that I 
am lacking in sympathy for our brave brothers and sons. I am myself an old 
soldier, who knew in his time what it is to shed one's blood for hi-* country ; nor 
am I now unrepresented in the field. My own boys are fighting there. 1 felt as 
thrilling a delight as any one of you did when Gen. yherman cropped out again 
at Savannah, and shall be rejoiced as much as any one of you will be when he, 
whose fearless yet skilful marches resemble the course of the river Ehone, 
plunging out of the sight of man, yet always sweeping onward and emerging 
nobler, shall turn up again in North Carolina. 1 glory in our soldiers' glory, and 
yet [ SLiy there is an achievement, a deed, or an abstaining from action, more to 
be rejoiced at than the victories won on the battle-field. And what is this 
achievement? I will tell you. All men who have earnestly studied the course 
of political societies, and who have candidly spoken out what their study had 
ascertained, have told us that one of the worst foibles of republics — even of 
monarchies with the institutions of freedom — is this, that they caimot weather 
large and long wars, which develop great armies and high military genius. And 
those who said so were right, according to the course of history heretofore. 
Military brilliancy is very apt to singe the pinions of wide-winged liberty. Need 
I refer to the annals of any free nation or state, that this has been the case ? Did 
not the brilliant glory of Gen. Bonaparte and his army, in tlie same degree that 
it rose in Italy, depress the hope of freedom in France ; and did not he and his 
soldiers bury her at last altogether, only a few years later? Did not Cromwell 
and his men, in the camp, rely on their arms, and arrogantly dictate to Parlia- 
ment ; and did he not ultimately tell the Speaker of the Connnons to go about 
his business ? God be fervently thanked that it is not so with us. We have now 
had, for four years, an army in the field which, I suppose I speak within bounds 
when I say, has amounted, one month with another, to near half a million combat- 
ants, and men and officers too who were little accustomed to the enticing profes- 
sion of the military force, from whom, therefore, what I will call the arrogance 
of the soldiery was perhaps the more to be apprehended. Yet has any one of you 
ever heard a single ominous growl from our armies ? Can you point to a single 
Cromwellian symptom or Bonapartean frown at Congress ? Have our "boys," as 
you love to call your soldiers, called upon Grant to march on Washington when he 
has taken Richmond, and to turn out the President, Congress and all ? Does any 
one e.xpect Sherman, with his army which worships him, to setup for themselves, 
law and institutions to the contrary notwithstanding ? Do you believe that the 
idea of a nice little Western Empire — and it would not be so very little either — 
has crossed the mind of llalleck or 'I'liomas? Have our officers shown anywhere 



52 

that intolerable arrogance which Napoleon's officers showed, even in France, 
towards higii persons of the civil service ? God be thanked, I say again, we ap- 
prehend no such turn of affairs. We feel ourselves in perfect civic stcurity. 
And why is it so ? Every great fact — and this is one of the greatest facts — is the 
combined result of various causes. But it seems to nie that the chief cause of 
this gratelul fact is, that our institutions train the people thoroughly in the 
school, and imbue them with a civic spirit, more than the instiluiions of any 
other country have ever done, and that these in^tituiions spread over a wide, 
noble, extensive country, excluding paltry pi ovincialism, or possess-ing the power 
of neutralizing and correcting local jealousies and distempers. Our armies are, 
and have remained and will remain portions and integral parts of the people. 
Gen. (jlrant is as good a citizen to-day as he was when lie had but one star on his 
shoulder-strap, or none at all. So Gen. Scott in Mexico resisted the seductive 
offers made by the Mexicans, because he had been bred and trained in the love 
of Constitutional liberty. It is not the same with our unruly enemy. Their 
theory of the paltry ' ultimate and absolute State Sovereignty," (to use Mr. 
" Vice-Prosident" Stephens' words,/ has led some, as you all know, to call loudly 
on Lee, and others on Davis to seize the reins of the government, play the 
dictator and bid adieu to rational constitutional rule — to the representative 
polity. 'J'his meeting would have been held on the 4th of March had it 
not been for the inclemency of the weather, when Abraham Lincoln was re- 
installed in the Presidential Chair. Is not this fact, also, an illustration of 
my remarks? In the midst of a grave and even fierce contest, after four years' 
warring, the people did not turn towards a captain for their candidate, but re-elected 
the Western lawyer, who has declared again and again that he knows nothing of 
war and has no military spirit within him. 'J'lie election was by an overwhelming 
majority against a candidate who was a captain, who has commanded our armies 
in chief. So palpable a fact ought to prove the loyal, law-abiding, civic spirit of 
our people, even to the foreigners who have shown thentselves during this whole 
period so prone to misunderstand us, so wilful to misrepresent us, so bent on 
fraternizing with the lawless slaveholder because, forsooth, he calls himself (o/i- 
servative. Conservative indeed ! I have not mentioned in all those remarks our 
navy, but you will not think that I under-value the deeds of our floating forces. 
I have chiefly spoken of the danger accruing to liberty from large military forces, 
but the navy has never interfered with the institutions of a free country. No 
free people has ever been jealous of its navy on this score, and no Admiral hns 
ever upset his country's liberty, so far as 1 can recollect now, while names of 
Dutch Admirals occur in my mind who nobly stood by the country's glory of 
freedom. Yet having given due meed of praise to our armies, and said nothing 
of the most noble navy, I now propose to you to conclude my words with three, or 
three times three, hearty cheers for all our brave seamen, irom Admiral Farragut 
down to the powder-monkey of the smallest craft in the navy. 

'I'he resolutions were read by Hon. Judge Bonney, and were adopted unani- 
mously. 

The President next introduced Gen. John Cochrane, who, 

upon corning forward, was loudly cheered. lie said : 

GRN. COOHRANE'S SPEECH. 

Fellow-CJitizens,— They who have been summoned to compose the speaking 
pageant in the day's ceremonial, have also been properly admonished, that their 
efforts, respectively, mast be limited to a brii f period of time. The commemoration 
of victories is, perhaps, best accomplished by the military column and the civic 
procession, which have led through your streets a glittering and triumphal pomp. 



53 

Where events of general notoriety are the theme of general rejoicing, the oc- 
casion for tlie orator is but meager and restiictecL IStili, it has been thoufjht 
expedient that liis voice sliould be lieard, shaping into enii)liati(; phrase, tbe em- 
otions which have assembled us, and dechired this to be a holiday in the year's 
calendar. 

Four years of war are about to establish, for indefinite years, this republic of 
ours. It nuiy not be questioned that at periods of this interval, our laws, insti- 
tutions and Government have reeled beneath the assaults of a stupendous rebel- 
Imn. But, rectitude and an indomitable resolution to preserve, at every cos:, the 
heritiige of our fathers, combined with eftbrts worthy of the emergency, to avert 
the menaced danger and advance the country upon its way to final restoration. 
[Gheers.J And now, felluw-citizens, I am not about to regale your appetites 
with a review, in the bombast-phrase of a war correspondent, of the achieve- 
ments of the Union arms. The marrowed mouth of the ]iursy patriot, burst- 
ing with the emoluments of war, is far better supplied with such material than 
either you or J. Huflisr me, in sciberly considered terms, to contrast the nntgni- 
ficent proportions of the rebellion of eighteen hundred and sixty-one with its 
shrunken outline in eighteen hundred and sixty-five. At its inception, then, it 
tore from the inap of the Union quite ten degrees of latitude, and extended its 
horrid length through twenty-five degrees ot longitude. Nearly the whole of 
thirteen tStates shot from their natic^nal orbits into the eccentric action of revolt. 
Over twelve million of the population of the United States were blackened by 
the sombre shadow of rebellion, and professed martial fealty to its flag. Now. 
how changed the scene. [Cheering.] Of these twelve million of misled and 
erring rebels, hardly a community or a neighborhood relin<iuish to revolt, that is 
to be found throughout the entire area of the rebellion. Of the thirteen States, 
in whole or in part, infected with the national pestilence, not one that is not now 
convalescent while some of them have emeiged from the ravages of the disease 
to the enjoyment of more athletic constitutional vigor. [Laughter and a|)plause.] 
And, were I a geographer, I should say that the national map is restored to the 
full integrity of its former projection. [Cheering.] An exterior red line of 
loyalty, ordered by Uncle Sam and maintained by his authority, embraces and 
restrains every rebellious part to its duty. Not. fellow-citizens, that there are 
not, even now, extensive tracts of wilderness, far reaches of forest and field, and 
inaccessible mountain fastnesses wliich still acknowledge the sway of Jeff. 
Davis. Doubtless, such there are. But they are isolated and removed from the 
possibility of interconnnunication. The hurricane of a loyal and avenging wrath 
has left devious and desolating tracks all through the Southern country. Sher- 
man. [Loud applause.] Sherman, and Sheridan, and 'fhunias have strangely 
carved and dissected these politic bodies of State Sovereignty. [(Cheering] In 
truth, fellow-citizens, you would suppose, to look upon t;he Carolinas, (Jeorgia, 
Alabama, Mississippi, Virginia, and, in fiict, all the rebel States, that they had 
been tortured from (he internal propriety, as once was ('oimecticut — that they 
had been Gerrymandered. [Laughter.] Here runs Shernuni's trail ihrough 
Georgia, and behold a dissevered State, presenting in this [)arcel the figure of a 
lion'couchant, and in that the likeness of a baffled bull. In South Carolina the 
operation has been, if more toi'luring, so also the more decisive. It certainly 
could not have been without a mortal shock, that her famous Quattlebums and 
her stalwart connnanders felt the*anguish of the separating steel, but none the 
less, the great Union march proceeded directly tluoujih the bowels of the land. 
and lo ! there you behold, parcelled through all the State of South Carolina, as 
many territorial resemblances of the wriggling remains of the dismembered 
serpent as there are dissevered parts, [[jaughter.] 'I'hese are the results of our 
victories ; these the effects of our arms. It is j)roper. iherefore, that we shunt 
and cheer with one applause the brave hearts who have worked them, and we 
should garner for immorlal lionois, the names of those rcdoui)ted leaders who 



54 

have executed them. But, while we applaud these results, let us not )>e unmind- 
ful of their benefit to the Union. 

The ravage of war is but the infliction of cruelly. The smouldering ruin, the 
desolated field, the sacked city, and the enibowelled land, from the stern and re- 
pulsive lineaments of that terril)le scourge — these the ends of war to be found 
at this, ever accursed must they be who precipitate or engage in its savage conflict. 
But, the happiness is ours to perceive other eff"ects — effects which recompense all 
the suffering endured, and elevate to patriotism the soldier's career. Among 
these is the one comprehensive and paramount effect — the restoration of th« 
Union. I will not detain you. fillow-citizens, with an enumeration of the evi- 
dences of this consummation which press upon our senses. The distinguishing 
one which, in its prominence above all others, claims our attention, is the fre- 
quency and the number of desertions which daily are effected from the rebel army. 
Without doubt, the sole remaining obstacle to the return of the South to its 
Federal allegiance are the armies of Lee. When desertion shall have dissolved 
these, or disaffection shall have squandered them, the period will have arrived 
which will end the war and re-establish the integrity of the Government in 
Washington. Another consideration should not, however, be overlooked. I 
refer to slavery. From the first it was apparent that the fate of slavery was 
involved in that of the rebellion which it had inflamed. Equally clear was it that 
the disposition of success would be towards that party to the war who should be 
enabled to appropriate, as a military power, the material force of the slaves. 
Of the three million five hundred thousand slaves in the disloyal States, at the 
commencement of the rebellion, two million, at the least, were laborers. Jt 
being fairly estimated that three hundred thousand of these Mere house servants, 
and you have as the probable result, that, in 18()1, there were, within the limits 
of the rebellious States, one million seven hundred thousand slaves fit for military 
duty. Now, at that period, there were, of white male populati(m in the South, 
between the ages of 18 and 4.5 (the military age), but one million three hundred 
thousand. Thus, the excess of four hundred thousand of black warriors in the 
South over its military white population, furnished the key to the problem, of 
the war against the Union. But, the political partisan furiously inveighed against 
this obvious truth, and the venom of party was enabled to infect men's judgment 
so injuriously, that, I remember, when, in the autumn of 1861, I ventured to pro- 
pose the ai ming of the slaves, J was encountered with such a wave of obloquy 
as usually overwhelms capital offenders. Even those charged with the adminis- 
tration of national affairs shrunk from the responsibility of their position, and 
thus haziirded by retarding our ultimate success. But events educated men with 
an impassive necessity. The doubting at length assented, while those even who 
had opposed became, most clamorously, the advocates for arming the slave. I 
remember quite well that, the now Vice-President of the United States, Andrew 
Johnson, then in 1861, visited President Lincoln to remonstrate against the in- 
sanity of introducing the negro into the conflict of arms. He lived to see and 
to correct his error ; and I was subsequently cheered as well as amused to hear 
him, in yonder Academy of Music, not only advocate the negro soldier policy, 
but insist, as unquestionably he belie >"ed, that he had always favored it. -The 
slave was armed. The war proceeded. They who, in however small degrfee, had 
enlisted the slave began gradually to assert their martial supremacy. The con- 
flict became more critical. The rebellion founded upon slavery nodded to its 
base, and now, the South embedded in slaver}' — the South absorbed by slavery — 
is itself obliged, by the sovereign necessities of war, to summon to her rescue 
the slave whom she had enthralled, to relax those very bonds which, once un- 
loosed, abandon her to national disaster and ruin. But why need 1 continue? 
The edict of Jeff Davis which arms the slave is the knell of his doom. It is the 
capitulation of the armies of the rebellion, for it is the ultinuite, though tardy 
remission, of th" problem of the war of the rebellion, to the black man with 



55 

■whom, as a military question, it was at the beginning and witli whom it has 
since remained. It is equally needless that I should dwell upon the effect of these 
events upon slavery itself. Though the war has not ceased, slavery has ; and 
that slavery has ceased is the harbingrer of that hastening day, which will close 
the rebellion and simultaneously re-afiirm the Union and the Constitution. 

Another, and perhaps a more difficult question will inevitably claim an answer 
at our hands, and that at a time not far removed— the destiny of the negro ? It 
is quite probable that party issues will hereai'ter become impressed with this con- 
sideration. Though, inexpedient to project ourselves into the future for subjects 
of mere debate, yet it may not be amiss to refer to the probable effect which black 
battalions, arrayed in the panoply of arms, will continue to exert upon the future 
of their race. History records that of all fragmentary races, that portion of them 
in whatever section of the world which has been possessed with power, uniformly 
has attracted to itself its kindred parts. Nor shall we, in my opinion, hereafter 
fail to reco.trnize the repetition of this historical lesson, in the attraction of all 
the various Iragraents of the African race, to these same black battalions of ours, 
when, this war concluded, they shall have established for themselves a govern- 
ment and have located a home beneath the tropics. In my judgment, herein is 
to be found the true solution of the question, what shall be done with the black 
man ? Nothing should be done with him. He should be let alone. In a national 
sense, as incorporated with the governments of the white man, nothing can be 
done for him. But, in a national sense, as the founder and architect of govern- 
ments of the black man, everything can be done for him, for everything can be 
done by him. But, gentlemen, I weary you, a pedestrian audience, with what I 
am afraid, is a pedestrian speech, and besides my time being up, I retire. [Ap- 
plause.] 

SPEECH OF GILBERT DEAN. 

Hon. Gilbert Dean was introduced by the President, and 

said : 

Fellow-Citizens.— It is fitting that this city— the scene of the Inauguration 
of Washington seventy-six years ago, the place of the organization of the Fed- 
eral Government, the port where the commerce of a continent centres— should 
make this magnificent demonstration. 

How different the aspirations of to-day from the apprehensions of 1801. 

Then, all was fear and doubt, the strength of our Republican form of gov- 
ernment had not been tested ; then theories bewildered and doubts chilled us. 

Then capital, always timid and always conservative, saw grass growing in our 
streets, and property valueless. 

Now, we behold what ? Notwithstanding the uncounted numbers who have 
gone to the war, and who have there lost their lives or are yet in the service, 
our population increased in a ratio beyond any other four years in history, pro- 
perty doubled in value, every branch of industry prosperous, and our people 
fixed on one purpose, the Nationaliti/ of the UnHed States. 

This is and must be kept the central idea, the United States one Nation, one 
People, a Foiver, and that power to be respected in Canada, Mexico and 
Europe. 

Am I too sanguine ? Can we not, ought we not, must we not, avow tJiis 
determination and establish this power? 

Go back three quarters of a century to the Inauguration of Washington. The 
population of the State of New-York is to-day greater than that of the Union 
then. 

The public debt at the close of the Revolution was §54,000. Ihe repre- 
sentative man who struck oil to-day in the production of petroleum can alone 



66 

pay it in a year, while our resources in mineral and agricultural wealth are inex- 
haustible. Think also of our mechanical and inventive progress. The cotton 
gin, steam in its application to propulsion whether on the wings of commerce, 
the iron wheels of locomotion or the spindles and lathes of the manufactory. 

I need not speak of the reaper, whereby the golden harvests are garnered 
almost without the aid of man, or the sewing machine, which has led woman to 
forget even the " Song of the Shirt." And then the magnetic telegraph de- 
veloped by the genius of Morse, whereby to-day we converse with every portion 
of the country, the Atlantic and the Pacific are at this moment whispering 
together. 

vVhy do I, on this occasion and in this presence, speak of these ? Their sig- 
nificance is this : When the youthful shepherd of Judea slew the giant of Gath 
with a sling and a smooth stone, mind asserted its superiority over matter and 
celebrated its first victo'-y. When the inventive genius of educated Europe 
discovered gun-powder and its uses, barbarism was stayed, and skill defied the 
power of the Hun, the Scythian, the Vandal or the Goth. So now, our great 
material, productions, mineral, agricultural, manufacturing, make us independent 
of the world, and the ingenuity of our people places us at the head of all nations 
ill nffensive and defeimve warfare. 

1 admit and admire the valor, the endurance and devotion of the Southern 
troops. But no Monitor has been there constructed. 

They have relied upon Europe to supply them with guns, and Fort Fisher, 
armed with the celebrated Armstrong cannon pounded to a jelly by the iron- 
clads of Porter, has advised England of the necessity of keeping on good terms 
with Brother Jonathan. 

Farragut, lashed to the mainmast, passed uninjured the batteries of well-pre- 
pared fortifications, our ordnance being so superior to all found in the forts protect- 
ing Mobile. These facts have not only produced their results here, but in 
Europe. British statesmen propose a Committee of Inquiry. Louis Napoleon 
stopped for a while his Life of Caesar, and Maximilian is expecting to receive from 
us speedy notice to quit. 

On account, therefore, of our superiority in the respects I have named, our 
people being united and determined upon the unity of the Nation, there can be 
no question of the result. 

Am I not right in saying that there is a united determination that there shall 
be no peace except with the Union restored? 

The Election of November — Both Parties — Everything tends to this issue 

No administration dare or could conclude any other peace 

No administration dare or could continue the war after it is apparent a 
peace could be concluded on the basis of a restored Union. 

As to-day we rejoice over the achievements of our soldiers and our sailors, as 
we speak of Fort Henry, Donaldson, Shiloh, New-Orleans, Port Hudson, Vicks- 
burg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Charleston, Fort Fisher, 
Wilmington and Charlotteville, let us not forget that there are hearthstones 
made desolate, wives'made widows, and children who are orphans in our cause ; 
that there are hospitals filled with the sick and the wounded, who are to be 
adopted and cared lor by us. That we are to maintain our own power by an 
adequate and prompt supply of all needed material, and the moment the rebel 
army is broken, hold out the hand of fellowship to the people who have so 
severely suffered for faults not wholly their own. 

As to foreign powers and the insurgent States — although we are not absolutely 
conquerors — we can say : 

" Hc-e's a hand to tliose who Inve us, Thoiish the desert miv surround us, 
.■Vud a smile (or those who hate, It hath springs tliat miy be won, 

Whatever sky's above us, Thoiif,'h the ocean roar around us, 
Here's a heart for any fate. It still shall bear us on." 



And bear on tlie g'ood ship Constitution with every mast, and spar, and plank, and 
anchor safe and tiag flying into the port of the Union. By this demonstration 
we give in our adhesion not to the " Administration," but to the " Government.'" 

Is the Abolition (ihost raised to fri^liten us from our propriety ? 

It needs no Gallileo to teach me that the world moves. No war of this mag- 
nitude, no war based upon ideas, can be conducted on any programme made by 
man. 

The Crittenden resolutions — 

" There's a Divinity that shapes our euds. 
Rough-hew them as we will." 

That Divinity has led us through alternate defeat and victory, until now they 
who forced the conflict, they who have dared to throw into the decision by 
wager of battle this Constitution, defended the institution of slavery, must abide 
the result. If not as the object, but the consequence of the war ; if by the 
advance of the Union army in restoring law and constitutional authority, bond- 
men are liberated and the tutelage of the superior over all the inferior race is 
terminated, let it be. If the choice is to be made between secession, disunion 
and slavery preserved on the one hand, and Union, an undivided country with 
freedom to all of every race on the other, I here make my choice — " Liberty 
with Union." 

I have heard the Abolition Ghost summoned to scare us. We not only fear 
but hate it. I sincerely believed that as our institutions were, at the time of the 
rebellion, that immediate emancipation instead of being a boon to be sought, 
would have been a curse to the slaves. Nothing since has changed my opinion ; 
while, therefore, I entertain these sentiments, I am not to allow them to inter- 
fere with my duty or allegiance to the Government. This is a Government of 
white men, and should not and shall not be destroyed for the sake of the 
African. 

If any here are with me opposed to the Abolitionists, let us direct our 
whole energies against, not the theorists, who for thirty years have talked and 
never acted, but against those practical abolitionists residing south of Mason 
and Dixon, who by their madness and folly, their crimes have rendered the 
existence of slavery im]iossible ; for I say here, meaning what I say, that since 
Moses, four thousand years ari;o, stood upon the cliffs of the Red Sea, with his 
'2,.500,000 Hebrews rescued from bondage, there has been no abolitionist in 
history, equal to Jefferson Davis. 

By the result of the Hampton Roads Conference, we are called upon to choose 
between the Independence of the Southern States, or the restoration of the 
Union by an armed force. 

What are the alternatives ? War for our nationality and peace, with half of 
our territory yielded. Peace, with the Potomac which flows by the Capital of 
the Nation in the possession of the enemy. 

Peace ! with the Tennessee, the Savannah and the Mississippi given up. 
Peace, with New-Oi'leans, Mobile, Norfolk, Wilmington, Charleston, Fort 
Fisher and Sumter surrendered. 

Peace ! with a hostile flag over Ashland, Monticello, Mount Yernon and the 
Hermitage, a passport required for an American to kneel at the grave of VV^ash- 
ington. Peace, with the country divided, and a legacy of war bequeathed to our 
children ! ! End it now ! 

Let the death rattle be heard in the throat of rebellion before the hug of our 
Ursa-Major is relaxed. 

Peace ! except on the basis of integrity of the Territory and the Constitution ! 
We tell yon, Carolina, never, we tell you Virginia, never ! We tell you Con- 
federates and the world, never ; and whoever among us shall ever dream of it, 
let him be " Anathema-Maranatha." Palid be the cheek of the craven who 



58 

would propose it ; confusion to the head that conceives it ; palsied be the tongue 
that shall utter it. Perdition to the heart that approves it! 

Peace, with the Union restored will be hailed as tlie white winjjed dove bear- 
ing the olive leaf to the ark. No other terms are debateable ; when these are 
offered ; it will be found that New-York, which with such unanimity at the 
polls opposed to the administration of Mr. Lincoln, yet has so vigorously sup- 
ported the Government, will see that the sword is sheathed, and that every citi- 
zen and every State is secured in their respective rights. Until such submis- 
sion to the legitimate government there can be no peace. 

Let the press, with its million voices say that this is the fixed determination 
of a united people and the sentiment of those who have, at all times, sustained 
them in the assertion of their rights under the Constitution, but that under no 
circumstances will the metropolis of the Nation march to any tune which does 
not keep step to the music of the Union. 

SPEECH OF REV. WM. H. BOOLE. 

The Chairman introduced Eev. Wm. II. Boole, who was re- 
ceived with applause, He said : 

FELLOw-CrnzENs, — 'Tis said that history repeats itself. Before it reached 
America this was true ; but now this Republic stands forth as the one only grand 
exception to the rule, having in the four years last past, turned the corner of 
history and changed the front of the universe. We meet to celebrate victories, 
moral and material, more extensive, stupendous and brilliant, more astounding to 
the military powers of the earth, and more profound and lasting in their results 
upon the common interests of humanity, than ever yet have been marked by the 
pen of the historian. A travelling American took a guide to visit Mount Vesu- 
vius. 'J'he volcano was belching ibrth its fires while red-hot lava rolled in 
streams down its sides. The guide with excusable pride said, ■' You have nothing 
like this in America sir ? " No" replied the Yankee " but xoc have a Niagara that 
can put it out in little time." Four years ago the flames of hell belched forth from 
the crater of rebellion in the south, and treason, like red-hot lava, poured its 
scorching, desolating streams over our fair land. The spirit of liberty waved 
her wand over the face of the loyal north, and forthwith tlicre sprung up an un- 
counted host by sea and land, which poured its strengtli, like the waters of the 
great flood, into the flaming crater. The fury of the flames is quenched and there 
remaineth but the smoke of a dissipated and dying rebellion. The achievements 
of our Army and Navy, during four years last past, have turned the world upside 
down. During many years no improvements had been made by the nations in 
naval architecture and warfare. The Monitor and Merrimac met — and in 
eighteen months from the opening of this war, the science and mode of naval 
warfare, were revolutionized and the vast navies of Europe were at a discount of 
75 per cent. Again, Gen. Gilmore proposed to reduce one of the strong lorts 
of the rebellion with siege guns at range far greater than was considered practica- 
ble by the skilled artillerists of the European schools, while military men on this 
side the water who followed in the wake of the stand-stills on the other side, 
knowingly smiled in derision at the attempt. Gen. Gilmore accomplished his 
wonderful task, captured Fort Pulaski, and immediately the astounded epaulets 
of ?]urope, rubbed their eyes, put on their spectacles, looked into their dusty 
books and closed them with a groan. Again, the invincible Sherman, the second 
military colossus of the war, audaciously marches across the breath of the 
rebellion, making his solid columns his sufficient base, and again, the London 
Thunderer owns " beat" and acknowledges the march of the conqueror the most 
wonderful achievement in the liistoryof war. 'I'he feature in the glorious viciories 



59 

of Sherman, Slieridaii, Farragut, Porter, Terry, Warren, Thomas, and the others of 
the same consteilatioa. achieved since the day when, by the jouit connnission of 
Almiyhty God and the United States authorities, our Grant was made Lieut. 
General of the Armies of the Union, is worthy, in note and marks a radical 
difference between the first and the last phases of the war. They show a unity of 
purpose, an original, comjirehensive knowledge and grasp of the enormous pro- 
portions of the field of conflict, and an adequate power to make all operations by 
sea and land bear directly upon a central purpose, to take by a last blow the 
capital of the Confederacy and the life of the monster rebellion. Grant keeps 
increasing guard over the living prey, until at a given signal his war-dogs come 
in on the scent like the avenging angels from the four quarters, and in one irresis- 
tible spring, clutch the monster in their death-grasp, and Kichmond and the 
rebellion full together. 'I'he moral victories of the war are not the least of our 
gains ? In crushing the rebellion we kill its cause— slavery. Whatever differences 
of opinion once distracted the people concerning the final disposition of this 
abomnatic 11, all loyal hearts are now at last agreed that the constitutional 
amendment which seals its doom is just and righteous. So let it die. Slavery 
falls by the hand of the suicide. W hen the noble Kilpatrick was on one of his 
Virginian raids near the town of Fredricksburgh, a voice was heard like that of 
an auctioneer. Pausing in their ride and looking out from their concealment 
they saw an auction-block, surmounted by a negro slave, while the salesman kept 
on his cry " who bids, who bids ?" The gallant chief stepped out and answered 
" I BID." The astonishment of the Assembly may be imagined as the blue uni- 
form of the officer indicated the price bid for the freedom of the slave. When the 
the rebellious south tore the flag of our country and struck her treusonable blows at 
the foundations of the temple of liberty, she put slavery on the auction-block. 
The war power of the Government accepted the challenge, put in his strong bid and 
swept the board for freedom. By this war we teach the jealous monarchies of the 
earth the tenacity of life, tiie wonderful resources and unprecedented strength of 
the American republic. From the beginning the statesmen and aristocrats of 
Europe prophesied the inherent weakness and inevitable destruction of the entire 
fabric. We laugh to scorn their prognostication. This, the most gio-antic 
rebellion that ever shocked the astonished sight of heaven and earth, since the 
remote time when the arch-fiend Lucifer led the fallen hosts of heaven in their 
mad assault against the omnipotence of God, has been permitted to rear its 
dreadful crest in this land against the authority of lawful government, that the 
nations may behold the sublime spectacle of the genius of liberty, in the spirit 
of omnipotence and divine prerogative — speak into existence an army of un- 
counted thousands ; cover the waters with a fleet, whose extent and wei"-ht, and 
hitherto unconceived powers of destruction are the astonishment of the world • 
create, as with magic wand, resources to supply bounteously every arising want • 
shaking off reverses, as Paul shook the viper from his hand, and feeling from them 
no harm ; inspiring the hearts of the children with the courage of iron-nerved 
veterans, until her drummer-boys shout in the van of battle ; and in her giant 
tread, crushing, as under the foot of Behemoth. Armed treason arrayed against 
her heaven-ordained progress ; and planting her banner upon every dismantled 
baltlement of rebellion until Liberty shall have become the shibboleth of Union 
and Fraternity and every tongue shall frame to pronounce it rightly. 

Geoege F. Noyes, Esq., was next introduced by the President 

SPEECH OF GEORGE F. NOYES, Esq. 

Mr. Pfesidrnt and Fellow-Citizens, — I consider it a great privilege to stand 
here upon this Thanksgiving-day of the people. It does me good to look down 
into your earnest faces glowing in the sunlight of our recent victories, to feel the 



60 

heart throbs of this great metropolis in an hour like this of patriotic joy, to utter 
my brief word of sympathetic congratulation to men who have come together, 
not as Democrats or iiopublicans lo celebrate a party triumph, not as New- 
Yorkers to commemorate some State or city festival, but as American citizens, 
heirs by the grace of (Jod of a continent, met to rejoice that the dark day has 
passed away from the Kepublic. We have been like mariners, storm tossed and 
tempest-driven over a rough and wintry sea. Why should we not be glad now, 
that before our eager vision open out the well-known beacon lights and headlands 
of our former haven of peace '! We have been wandering in tlie desert-places of 
doubt and anxiety ; we have sat in shi.dow beneath the rock of humiliation ; and 
now that we have climbed to the summit of this great day of hope, and see 
already before us the promised land, why should we not here erect our tabernacle 
and otier up thanksgiving to Almighty (jod ? Never so humble before Bim, 
and yet never so sure that He who aided our fathers to found this Nation has 
been with us also in our efiorts to preserve it. Be has schooled our impatience 
by the rough lessons of disappointment. He has educated us step by step up to 
the height of this great moral issue, until, to all, it is apparent that what ajjpeared 
defeat was really victory, that what seemed mislbrtune was really his best bless- 
ing. Not unto us, not unto us, but unto Thy great name be all the glory. 

I will not detain you by any reference to our many glorious victories, for it 
seems to me that 1 find m other aspects of our national afiiairs food for 
still deeper congratulation. It cannot be denied that when the rebellion broke 
out, great anxiety was felt by many earnest students of the past, whether our Con- 
stitution, which had worked so admirably in times of peace, was comprehensive 
enough to guide us through the untried experiences of a civil war ; whether our 
fundamental principle — tlie Democratic idea — was vital enough, cohesive enough 
to stand the new and unaccustomed strain ; whether a government of the people 
was strong enough, could concentrate executive force enough for such an em- 
ergency. When a ship is foundering at sea, not a set of written rules, nor the 
votes of the crew and passengers, but the despotic rule of a despotic captain, 
compelling instant and unqualified obedience, is her best salvation. And certainly 
we coukl discover little to comfort us in the records of history. We looked to 
the civil wars of Rome, and found as their result the dictatorship of Cajsar and 
the death of popular liberty. We consulted the records of the French Revolu- 
tion and saw Napoleon, at last, stalking over the ashes of democratic hope to 
seat himself upon the Imperial Throne. England, our mother, taught us an 
equally sad lesson, for her civil wars terminated in the military protectorship of 
Cromwell and the return of the despotic House of Stuart. 

And during those dark days of ours, who did not hear timid, half-made 
Americans predicting the failure of the Republican experiment, the need of a 
dictatorship, the death of the democracy ? Who were we, that our experience 
should prove an exception to the universal teachings of history ? Was there not 
corruption enough, and ignorance enough, and blind partizansLip enough, and 
military jealousies and ambitions enough to condemn us to the common fate ? 
Would not our Constitution cramp and fetter the action of the Executive until 
necessity would compel its abrogation ; would not the people faint and fail under 
the burdens of war and refuse to be taxed and conscripted ; would not the army, 
once aware of its strength, bear upon its shields some favorite leader to the 
dictatorial chair ? 

Let us thank God that these questions have been fully and satisfactorily answer- 
ed. Our Constitution has proven itself a chart sufficient for the most stormy sea ; 
our Executive has been able to wield the whole ])0\ver of the people with only 
checks enough to protect popu'ar rights and emphasize j)opular patnoti.^m. We 
have oroanized war as no oilier nation, save Ancient Rome and Modern France, 
has ever been able to organize war befure. And, on the other hand, our people 
have shown that they can fight for themselves and govern themselves also, that 



61 

either with the ballot-box or cartridge-box they can take care that the Republic 
receives no detriment. There never has been a time since this war bej^an that 
our Executive has not been led by the popular will, driven forward by the popular 
impulse; there never was a time when the people have so thorouoliiy governed 
America as during the past lour years. And not only has the country obeyed 
the requisitions of the Executive for men and for money, but it has usually 
anticipated and urged increasing demands in that direction, that thus the Union 
might be preserved. 

Yes, my countrymen, it is now fully decided that neither kingcraft nor 
oligarchic rule is needed in free America. The old analogies of history do not 
apply — the free church, the free school-house, and the free press have educated a 
Kation able to sustain the responsibihlies of sdf-government. With joy un- 
speakable I emphasize this pregnant proposition. The governing classes ot Europe 
who laughed with mocking scorn over the expected death of American Liberty, 
have already begun to sing in quite a different key. Study, if you will, the last 
debate in the House of Lords upon the proposition to fortify Canada ; or the 
articles wliich, in the leading European papers and reviews are already becoming 
civil, if not complimentary, and you will see that in the enlightened judgment of 
the world, this republic, though maimed by civil war, still challenges respect as 
one of the strongest nationalities on earth. 

Far be it from me to say this in any spirit of boasting, or to ignore our many 
and great deficiencies as a people. But there is a time to laugh as well as a time 
to weep, and 1 honestly believe that this Nation, educated as it has been in this 
rebellion, is to advance at its close in a career of unexampled prosperity. And 
another thought occurs in this connection. Is it not true that ihis war, with all 
its evil influences, has developed some of the higher elements of a true national 
character? Have we not been drawn nearer to each other, and felt as never 
before our dependence upon each other, upon our country, upon our God ? Do 
not the words, patriotism, self-sacrifice, liberty, mean more to us than ever before ? 
How have our women illustrated, by every form of self-negation, in every possible 
channel of labor and of sympathy, the noblest attributes of their sex ; how have our 
men upon a hundred battle-fields lifted every one of us to higher ideas of heroic 
patriotism ? Send me no more for definitions of valor to the records of the past ; 
bid me no more seek examples of knightly chivalry in the emblazoned scrolls of 
the middle-ages; when I wish to teach my sons the meaning of the word patriot- 
ism I will take them to the tomb of our own Wadsworth — the Bayard of this 
war ; I will bid them stand reverently beneath the monument which crowns the 
hill at Gettysburg ; I will visit with them the holy places all over the land for- 
ever sacred as the resting-places of American heroes, knights of our American 
chivalry. 

Other considerations crowd upon our thoughts, but my limited time has well 
nigh expired. And before I close, I must be permitted one word to the misguided 
men who brought on this sad war. As we stand here, crowned with the laurels 
of viciory, is it not our right, our duly to be magnanimous, nay. even gt nerous 
to those who have done us this foul wiong? It seems to me that if m\ feeble 
words could reach their ears I would say to them : We want not an acre of 
your ground, we will not confiscate a dollar of your property, only give us free- 
dom Jor all and a Union wliich is not a rope of sand, and once more we are your 
friends and brothers. Come now. let us together dig a grave and bury away for- 
ever from our sight slavery and the pretended right of secession, the parents of 
the rebellion. Let us hoist over that grave the banner of our common eountry, 
and then and there strike hands together for an honorable and lasting peace. 

I confess that I see in the future only the mo.^t auspicious omens In order 
that our peace should be lasting, oui Union a binding one. it was necessary that 
this should be a moral as well as a plnjsical victory ; it was necessary that slavery 
should die and go to its own place, and that the old flag should once more wave 



62 

over Sumpter where it was first insulted, over Charleston, where, for thirty years 
treason had been plotting against our peace, and over Richmond where the rebel 
chiefs have held their dislionored councils. Most of these great ends have been 
already reached ; the last is only a question of days, nay, rather of hours. Put 
your ears to the ground and even now you m^ay hear the hoof-beats of Sheridan's 
cavalry, and the battle-songs of Sherman's men as they sweep towards the 
beleaguered rebel capital. And when Richmond falls, falls the rebellion, and 
when the rebellion falls, then will we meet to rejoice together as never before 
over a regenerated and saved Republic. 



63 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



LETTER FROM I.IEUT.-GEN. W. SCOTT. 

Nkw-York, March 3. 
Ho7i. C. P. Daly, CJtninnan, Ifc. 

Pear Sir, — I regret, on account of debility, I cannot take part in the grand 
celebration of to-morrow, as I sincerely rejoice in our victories over rebels, which, 
with others impending, cannot fail soon to bring back into the Union, on terms 
of perfect ecpialily in rights and duties, the outstanding States. Reciprocal re- 
spect and admiration have already, by the dint of hard fighting, been established 
between the gallant veterans of the opposing armies ; and this noble sentiment 
gives the hope, that it may conquer the miserable liatred so general between non- 
combatants — Secessionists and Unionists. This, indeed, would be the great 
conquest of the day. 

I remain, with high respect, 

Yours truly, 

WINFIELD SCOTT. 



LETTER FROM MAJ.-GEN. JOHN A. DTX. 

Head-quarters, Department of the East, ) 
New-York, March 1, 1865. j 

Moses Taylor, Esq., Chairman, ^c. 

Dear Sir, — I accept your invitation in behalf of a meeting of citizens, held on 
the 22d ultimo, to preside at a national celebration in honor of the recent 
victories of our national arms. 

I will, with pleasure, direct a military salute to be fired, and a parade of such 
portions of the forces under my command as can be spared from duty. 

It is earnestly to be hoped, that the demonstration may be significant of the 
importance of the results it is intended to commemorate, and of the satisfaction 
with which our recent triumphs by sea and land have filled all loyal hearts. 
I am, very truly yours, 

JOHN A, DIX. 



LETTER FROM YICE-ADMIRAL FARRAGUT. 

Washington, Willard's Hotel, Matxh 2, 1865. 
Chas. p. Daly, Esq. 

Dear Sir, — Nothing would give me more pleasure than to comply with your 
request, so far as being present on the glorious occasion of your meeting ; but 
my public duties are such us positively to prevent it. 

I hope, therefore, you will excuse me to the Committee, and express to them 
my thanks for your kind consideration and courtesy. 

With my best wishes for a perfect success in your patriotic efforts, 
I remain, very sincerely. 

Your obedient servant, 

D. G. FARRA(JU'I\ ViceAdmiral. 



64 

MR. BRYANT'S LETTER. 

New- York, March 3d, 3 86.5. 
My Dkar Sir, — Allow me, through you, to thank the Committee, of which you 
are a member, for the invitation tu take part in the public rejoicings on account 
of our late victories by sea and land. 

I shall most gladly avail myself of the opportunity to join in the general ex- 
pression of gratitude and admiration to our heroic countrymen, for exploits so 
gallantly performed, so worthy of their glorious cause, and so full of promise, 
that the foulest conspiracy known to modern times shall be speedily suppressed. 

I am, sir, 

Very truly yours, 

W. C. BRYANT. 
MosES Taylor, Esq., Chairman of Committee, ^c. 



REV. DOCTOR HITCHCOCK'S LETTER. 

497 Fifth Avenue, 31arch 2d, 186.5. 
Hon. Charles P. Daly. 

Dear Sir, — I would far rather be a hearer than a speaker at Union Square 
on Saturday ; but do not feel myself at liberty to decline a service such as you 
ask of me. 

Yours truly, 

ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK. 



CAPTAIN DRAYTON'S LETTER. 

18 Washington Square, Ma7xh 5, 1865. 
Sir, — The invitation very politely extended me, to address the meeting to be 
held to-morrow afternoon, at Union Square, for the celebration of Union vic- 
tories, only reached me last evening. 

Although feeling as deeply and as much rejoiced at our late wonderful suc- 
cesses a« any other whom you may have honored with a call, still, the entire want 
of practice in public speaking obliges me to decline, that my place may be 
taken by a person more competent to illustrate the subject, and interest the 
audience. 

Very resp'y, 

Your obd't serv't, 

P. DRAYTON, Captain U. S. Navy. 
Hon. Chas. p. Daly, Chairman. 



LETTER FROM RICHARD H. DANA, JR. 

Boston, March 2, 1865. 
Dkar Sir,— Pray convey to the Committee my acknowledgments of the honor 
of an invitation to speak at the great meeting in Union Square, on the 4th 
instant. 



65 

I regret extremely that my professional engagements here will not permit me 
to be absent at the time of the meeting. 

Accept my best wishes for a great success in your patriotic purpose, and, 
believe me, with many thanks, Gratefully yours, 

RICH'D H. DANA, Jr. 
lite Hon. Charles P. Daly, Chairman, Sfc, Ifc. 



HON. ROSCOE CONKLING'S LETTER. 

Utica, 3Iarch 2, 186.^. 

Dear Sir,— I have the pleasure to acknowledge your letter, inviting me to ad- 
dress the great meeting of March 4th, in Union Square, to celebrate the national 
victories. 

No one, present or absent, will respond more profoundly than I to the events 
you design to commemorate. 

Valuable in illustrating the genius and valor of our countrymen -valuable in 
gratifying a just national pride — valuable in subtracting so much from the un- 
fought fuUu-e', and adding it to the achieved past — valuable in invigorating and 
upholding the will and the right arm of the Nation ; all our successes are valuable 
in nothing so much as the assurance they bring of apjiroaching peace ; they 
herald a near-coming day, when there shall be no more waste of life and waste of 
energy, and when the vitalities of a wonderful people shall once more act and 
re-act upon creative and advancing purposes. 

Your celebration, like the war itself, lias, I know, this sentiment as its founda- 
tion, and so I shall enter entirely into the spirit of the occasion. 

1 am compelled, however, to deny myself the pleasure of being present, and to 
forego the privilei^e of speaking to those whose munificent patriotism has 
rendered them conspicuous, even in an epoch of such universal generosity and 
devotion. I kave the honor to be, 

Tour ob't serv't, 

ROSCOE CONKLING. 
The Honorable Charles P. Daly, Chairman, ^c, New-York 



GENERAL PECK'S LETTER. 

Department of the East, Head-quarters 
Maj.-Gen. Peck, No. 37 BleeckerSt., 
New-York, A/arc/i 3, 18G5. 

Hon. Sir,— I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to 
join in the celebration of our Union victories, on Saturday next. It affords me 
great pleasure to accept, and to place myself at the disposal of your Committee. 

In consequence of injuries received during the siege of Suffolk, I am prevented 
from being with the " Heroic Grant," and shall not be able to appear mounted. 
For the same reason I must decline your request to address the meeting. 

'ITie demonstration will be productive of great good in many ways. It will 
cheer the hearts and nerve the arms of our noble comrades under Grant, Sher- 
man Farragut, Porter, Meade, Thomas. Sheridan, &c., &c., etc., in the final strug- 
gle ioetween patriotism and treason, between liberty and slavery, which is to 
decide favorably and forever the fate of our free republican institutions. 

The report of the New- York cilebration will sweep with the rapidity of elec- 
tricity across the ocean, impressing cabinets and people with the unity and power 
of the Union. 



Especially will it strenp^then the hands of the President and those charged 
with the administration of affairs, and stimulate them to renewed exertions for 
the safety and perpetuity of the republic. 

Most respectfully, your ob't serv't, 

JOHN PECK, Major-General. 
To Hon. Chas. P. Daly, Chairman of Com. 



GENERAL COOKE'S LETTER. 

New- York, March 2, 1865. 
Chas. P. Daly, Esq., Chairman Com. on Resolutions, Ifc, Astor House, N. Y. 

Dear Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, this morning, of your 
invitation to address the great meeting at Union Square, to celebrate the recent 
national victories, with the request of an answer. 

1 shall heartily share the rejoicings of my fellow-citizens, that the magnificent 
campaign in progress promises speedily to end the agony of our national redemp- 
tion. It is plain now that the Almighty will grant us peace, so soon as we shall 
accomplish His decree against slavery. 

I regret that I shall not be able to address the meeting. 

With respect, your obedient servant, 

P. ST. GEO. COOKE, Brig.-Gen. U. S. A. 



GEN. CULLUM'S LETTER. 

U. S. Military Academy, ) 

West Point, N. T., 3Iarch 4, 1865. j 

Charles P. Daly, Esq., Chairman of Invitation Committee to the National 
Celebration of Union Victories. 

Sir, — Your invitation of the 28th ult. has just been received, but at too late 
an hour for me to arrange my duties at the Military Academy to join in the 
National Jubilee, for victories gained over the enemies of the Union. 

Though absent, my whole heart is with you in this magnificent manifestation 
of our loyal countrymen for the stupendous success of our arms, and the ultimate 
triumph of the sacred cause of our country, for which our noble and steadfast 
soldiers and sailors have freely poured out their best blood, and, after a desperate 
struggle of four years, have nearly reestablished the unity of the mighty Empire 
of States. Very respectfully, 

Your most obedient, 

GEO. W. CULLUM. 

Brigadier-General and Superintendent Military Academy. 



LYMAN TREMAIN'S LETTER. 

Albany, March 2, 1865. 

Dear Sir, — I thank you for the invitation to address the great Union Meeting, 
to'be held at Union Square, but I must decline it. 



67 

My groat bereavement, iu the loss of a gallant boy who was recently killed at 
Hatcher's Run, is too recent, and my wounds too fresh. But let others less 
afflicted, unite in the celebration, rejoicing over the prospect that the end of the 
rebellion is drawing near, and praying that it may come, and that speedily. 

Yours truly, 

LYMAN TREMAIN. 
Hon. C. P. Daly^ Chairman Committee on Invitations. 



HON. RANSOM BALCOM'S LETTER. 

New- York, March 3, LSG.5. 
Hon. Charles P. Daly. 

Dear Sir, — Your invitation, as Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, 
to address the great meeting to be held at Union Square, in this city, on the 
4th instant, to celebrate the recent national victories, has this moment reached 
me. It would give me great pleasure to accept it; for I rejoice beyond me isure 
or description over these highly important and most cheering victories. They 
augur the speedy overthrow of the rebellion and the perpetuity of our free insti- 
tutions ; and I should be highly gratified to add a mite to the praise our noble 
and glorious army and navy will justly receive from the loyal masses who will 
gather at your meeting ; but official duties in a Western county compel me to 
leave the city, and I must forego the pleasure of addressing the meeting. 

Please to accept my thanks yourself, and for the Committee, for your kind 
notice of me. 

Very respectfully, yours, 

RANSOM BALCOM. 



SENATOR MURPHY'S LETTER. 

Albany, March 2, ISC'). 
Hon. CiiAS. P. Daly, Chairman, ^x. 

Dear Sir,— -I am highly honored by the Committee of which you are Chairman, 
by its invitation to be present and address the meeting to be held in New- 
York, on the 4th inst., for the purpose of celebrating the recent successes of the 
arms of the Union. 

While I am compelled to inform you that other engagements deny me the 
pleasure of attending on that interesting occasion, I beg to express to you and 
the other gentlemen of the Committee my sincere gratification at the re-occupa- 
tion of the forts and property of the United States in the ports of Savannah, 
Charleston and Wilmington, by the valor of our gallant soldiers, and at the 
glorious march of General Sherman and his army of veterans through the South- 
ern Confederacy, carrying with them both the Flag of the Union, and the princi- 
ples which that accomplished officer has expressed. Such victories promise 
peace to our distracted country, by breaking up the military power of the 
rebellion and leading to a speedy restoration of the authority of the Constitu- 
tion and laws. 

'I'hey deserve and should receive the plaudits of every good citizen. 
I have the honor to be, truly yours, 

HEN. C. MURPHY. 



68 

Among the numerous responses by telegraph, the following 

spirited greeting came from Tennessee : 

Memphis, Ma7-cli 4 1865. 
Col. Frank E. Howe, Secretary, ^-c. 

The City of Memphis sends greetina: to the metropolis of the Nation on this 
day of National Jubilee. In the future glory of our re-unitcd Nation, may the 
people of the South, who have been deluded by wicked and designing men, 
recognize the defenders of the Union as their own benefactors and deliverers. 
CHANNING RICHARDS, Provisional Mayor. 



FROM THE MAYOR OF BROOKLYN. 

Mayor's Office, City Hall, I 
Brooklyn, iWarc/i 1, 1865. \ 

In pursuance of a resolution adopted by the Board of Aldermen, I hereby 
invite the " patriotic citizens of Brooklyn " to unite with those of New York 
City in the " National Celebration of the Union Victories," to take place on 
Saturday, the 4th of March. 

The Board of Aldermen having declined to participate in the celebration, or 
to make provision for any public demonstration in this city, I respectfully 
recommend to the " patriotic citizens of Brooklyn " (in which category 1 hope is 
i eluded our entire population), a general suspension of business, the display of 
flags, of illuminations, etc., on that day and evening, so as to make the occasion, 
so far as it is in their power, a national holiday. A. M. WOOD, Mayor. 



NATIONAL CELEBRATION— 4TH OF MARCH. 

Mayor's Office, Brooklyn, March 2. 1865. 
It is requested that the bells o^" the various churches be rung for half an hour 
at noon, on Saturday, March 4th, 1865, in honor of the recent Union victories, 
and as part of the National Celebration to be had in honor thereof, on that day. 

A M. WOOD, Mfl^or. 



COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS FOR NA^ITONAL CELEBRA- 
TION OF UNION VICTORIES, MARCH 6TH, 1865. 

New- York, March 16, 1865. 
Messrs. Stetson & Co., Astor House. 

Gentlemen, — Recognizing, in common with our citizens, the loyalty and liber- 
ality you have exhibited on all occasions in seconding or aiding all measures which 
might tend, directly or indirectly, for the suppression of the rebellion, and the 
best interests of the cause of our country, we cannot fail to express our ap- 
preciation of your hearty co-operation in perfecting the arrangements for oar late 
•' Celebration of Union Victories," and our acknowledgments for the apartments 
you so generously assigned to the Committee during their preparation of the 
details of the celebration. 

By order of the Committee of Arrangements, 

WILLIAM T. BLODGETT, Chairman. 
Frank E. Howe, Secretary. 



0.9 

THE FIRE-WORKS. 

The rejoicings of the day were appropriately and admirably 
terminated, according to the programme, with a most successful 
and triumphant display of fire-works. The able pyrotechnists to 
whom this portion of the arrangements were entrusted left noth- 
ing to be desired, even where so much was expected. Prompt to 
the minute, the preparatory fire-rockets announced that the victo- 
ries which to-day had been set apart to celebrate, the night was 
now about to take up and continue by a pyrotechnic display un- 
rivalled for brilliancy and effect. The names of the pyrotechnists 
were enough to insure an immense gathering on any ordinary 
occasion ; but with the hearts of the people elate and joyous for 
the victories achieved by the National Arms, and hopeful for 
a speedy and triumphant issue to the contest, and ready to take 
part in any ovation that would assure our brave soldiers in the 
field that the loyal men and women at home hailed their victories 
with grateful acclaim ; it was no wonder that last evening there 
was tlie largest assemblage of people collected in and about Union 
Square ever witnessed in that historic vicinity. The only draw- 
back was that space alone was w^anting. But this was irremediable 
and on such an occasion ever must be. Space is a desideratum 
that cannot be supplied within the precincts of a city like New- 
York, whose whole pojoulation glows with love for tire Union, and 
whose great heart desires to make that love known. The lono- 

o 
hours spent in witnessing the military and civic procession — 

almost interminable as it seemed at the time — still left hundreds 
of thousands unwearied and anxious to witness the fire- works, one 
of the first pieces of which, designed by Mr. Hadfield, was a con- 
stellation of stars, surrounding the motto, " Gratitude for our Vic- 
tories" — victories which so many of New-York's brave sons 
have died to achieve. How could they absent themselves from 
witnessing glorious old Sumter, so long in rebel hands, restored 
to the Union, with the Stars and Stripes again weaving over its war- 
worn battlements, illuminated by pyramids of silver fire, and amid 
the bursting of bombs and discharges of rockets. Could they forego 



70 

the delight of beholding the "little Yankee cheese box" Monitor, 
commanded bv the gallant Worden, running alongside of the 
formidable Merrimac, and engaging it muzzle to muzzle, and, after 
one of the most desperate naval engagements on record, compelling 
it to beat a hasty and inglorious retreat, represented in one of the 
finest pyrotechnic exhibitions ever conceived and carried out by 
that prince of fire, Mr. Edge. There was no lack of enthusiasm, 
even after a long day's fatigue in the streets. Long before the 
hour fixed for the display. Union Square and all the avenues 
leading to it within the range of a chance view of the fire- works, 
were a perfect jam of people. How they massed together; how 
they breathed in that dreadful pressure, and how they quietly and 
almost suddenly disentangled and poured homewards, leaving the 
square deserted, was almost miraculous. Men, women and child- 
ren — the strong and the feeble — formed that immense throng ; and 
yet, bej^ond an occasional crush, when some who could stand the 
pressure no longer made violent eftbrts to get into free breathing 
space, there was but little jostling. Indeed, the crowd was too 
compact for even the usual " rushing in the stream" to have any 
chance ; and even the " boys," so fond of having a " lark" in that 
way, were fain to give it over. The night was beautifully fine, 
and, accordingly, fixvorable for the fire-works. The commencement 
was announced by a rapid discharge of rockets of every hue, and 
color, and shade ; and those, as they rapidly glanced athwart the 
sky, were followed by an illumination of colored fires, interspersed 
with fire balloons, triple bombs and rockets. Among these 
were seen a gallopade of serpents flying in every direction, 
and surrounding two larger serpents, one in pursuit of another. 
The principal representations of Mr. Hadfield were : A motto 
piece, with the words, "The President — 1860, 1864," closing with 
brilliant radii, with reports; a motto, "Gratitude for our Victo- 
ries;" motto, "Thanks to our Army and Navy ;" an illuminated 
desigQ, with the word "Sumter," and the rebel flag floating over 
it, in the midst of an explosion which tore the rebel flag to pieces, 
its place being taken by the glorious old Stars and Stripes — this 



71 

was loudly applauded all around. Mr. Hadfield's tenth piece 
represented a device, an American flag with mottoes, conspicuous 
among which was the motto, " One Country, One People, One 
Destin}^;" also with the names "Grant, Thomas, Sherman, Porter, 
Sheridan," "Atlanta, Nashville, Savannah, Charleston and Wil- 
mington." On the opposite side of the square, Mr. Edge's arrange- 
ments were made. These were a perfect success also, and elicited 
in their order general applause. The representation of the Ameri- 
can Coat of Arms was a very brilliant affair, commencing with a 
wheel of Chinese, Egyptian and radiant fires, closing with the 
figures of Justice and Liberty, and underneath the motto, "Union 
Forever." Following this was a representation of the great naval 
engagement between the Monitor and Merrimac in Hampton 
Roads, one of the scenes accompan3'ing which was a "Beautiful 
Sunset," also a scene representing Fortress Monroe lighthouse, 
shipping lying at anchor around the fort, with the rebel iron-clad 
Merrimac steaming for the shipping. This closed with the en- 
gagement between the Monitor and Merrimac. As each change 
was presented, the cheers of the spectators evinced how truth-like 
and clever the whole representation was. Mr. Edge deserves 
great credit for the completeness of the display in every respect. 

There was not the slightest hitch. Everything went off and up, 
and off again, to the admiration of all beholders. 



THE ILLUMINATION. 

In several parts of the city the festive appearance of the houses 
was not obscured by the approach of darkness. During the day 
where flags, festoons and draping of various kinds were called on 
to add to the general appearance of festivity, at night were ren- 
dered quite as attractive by the aid of gas and tapers. 

In the vicinity of Union Square the illumination was most 
complete. The Union Place Hotel, Union Square Hotel, Spingler 
House, Maison Doree, Atheneum Club House, Union League Club 



n. 

House and the private residences on tlie corner of Fourteenth 
street, and Broadway and Fifteenth street, were almost all ablaze 
with tapers and Chinese lanterns. Gibson's building, on the 
corner of Broadway and Thirteenth street, the residence of ex- 
Judge Roosevelt, St. Denis Hotel, and several other establishments 
on Broadway, were handsomely decorated and illuminated. The 
star and circlet of Dodworth Hall were ablaze, and Barnum almost 
outdid himself in the number of lights displayed from the windows 
of the Museum. The large building at the junction of New 
Bowery and Oliver street and the Bowery Savings Bank, besides 
several other places oa the east side, were not behind their more 
aristocratic neighbors in the quantity and quality of their display. 
Several poetical compositions were furnished to the Committee, 
and extensively distributed among the multitude ; of these pro- 
ductions the following has been preserved : 

FREEDOM'R VOICE. 

« Strike up an Anthem for our Nation, 

On instruments of harmony ; 
And celebrate our land's salvation 

From Treason's reign of tyranny — 
Which Uke a fiery ocean surged, 

Laslung with fury on the shore, 
Till, all the patriot-forces urged, 

Crushed out Rebellion's wicked War ! 

When burst the storra on Sumter's breast, 

Out from fierce rebel cannon-throats, 
Our garrison gave back with zest. 

The hostile shot with thund'rous notes ! 
So lovers of Columbia, all, 

Their natal land should truly serve ; 
And, at their country's trumpet-call, 

Their hearts for battle stoutly nerve ! 

Lo! now glad Freedom's voice is heard, 

And patriots fly at once to arms — 
Onward ! is still the patriot's word, 

And every earnest heart it warms, 
To do lirave deeds for history's page, 

(To illustrate our lovely land ;) 
And when war's storm has ceased to rage, 

Our Fame on glory's height shall stand ! 

Jesse Payne. 



INFORMATION 

FOR THE SOLDIERS OF THE UNION ARMY. 



The securities of the UNITED STATES are the safest, 
most convenieiit and most profitable mode of investment for the 
earnings and savings of 

TJlsriOlSr SOLDIERS. 

In all the principal Towns and Cities, prominent and respect- 
able citizens will cheerfnlly aid the soldier by giving information 
and needful aid ; but jierfect reliance can be placed on the ac- 
credited Agents of the Government for preparing forms, answer- 
ing inquiries addressed to them, and facilitating and perfecting 
investments for soldiers. 

The following Bankers, with many others, have been named as 
Agents by the Treasury Department, and can be addressed by 
Mail : 

Jay Cook, Washington and Philadelphia, 

Henky Clews & Co., No. 32 Wall street, New-York, 

Yermilye & Co., No. 4-1 Wall street, New-York, 

Clark, Dodge & Co., No. 51 Wall street, New-York, 

FisK & Hatch, No. 38 Wall street, New-York, 

And the principal National Banks in the several cities. 



U. S. 7-30 LOAN. 



The sale of the first series of $300,000,000 of the 7-30 Loan was completed on 
the 31st of March, 18G5. The sale of the second series of Three Hundred Mil- 
lions, payable three years from the 15th day of June, 1805, was begun on the 1st 
of April. In the short space of thirty days, OVER ONE HUNDRED 
MILLIONS OP THIS SERIES HAVE BEEN SOLD— leaving less than 
Two Hundred Millions to be disposed of. The interest is payable semi-annual- 
ly, in currency, on the 15th of December and 15th of June, by Coupons attach- 
ed to each note, which are readily cashed anywhere. It amounts to 

OKE Ceut per day on a $50 NOTE. 

TWO Cents per day on a $100 NOTE. 

TEN Cents per day on a $500 NOTE. 

TWENTY Cents per day on a $1,000 NOTE. 

ONE DOLLAR per day on a $5,000 NOTE. 

The Rebellion is suppressed and the Government has already adopted measures 
to reduce expenditures as rapidly as possible to a peace footing, thus withdrawing 
from market as a borrower and purchaser. 

This is the ONLY LOAN IN MARKET now offered by the Government, 
and constitutes the GREAT POPULAR LOAN OP THE PEOPLE. 

The Seven-thirty Notes are convertible on their maturity at the option of the 
holder, into 

U. S. 5-20 SIX PER CENT. GOLD-BEARING BONDS, 

which are always worth a premium, 

FREE from: taxation. 

The 7-30 Notes cannot be taxed by Towns, Cities, Counties or States, and the 
interest is not taxed, unless on a surplus of the owner's income exceeding six 
hundred dollars a year. This fact increases their value from one to three per 
cent, per annum, according to the rate levied on other property. 

AGENTS OF TPIE UNITED STATES TREASURY. 
Jay Cook, Washington and Philadelphia, i Veumilye & Co., 44 Wall street, New-Tork, 
Henry Clews & Co., 32 Wall st., New-Tork, Clark, Dodge & Co., 51 Wall street, N. Y., 
EisK & Hatch, 38 Wall street, NewYork, j 

And the prin(iipal National Banks in the several cities. 
New-York, April, 1865. 



INFORMATION 

FOR THE SOLDIERS OF THE UNION ARMY. 



The SECUBITIES of the UNITED STATES are the safest, 
most convenient and most profitable mode of investment for the 
earnings and savings of 

UNION SOLDIERS. 

In all the principal Towns and Cities, prominent and respect- 
able citizens wdl cheerfully aid the soldier by giving information 
and needful aid ; but perfect reliance can be placed on the ac- 
credited Agents of the Government for {preparing forms, answer- 
ing inquiries addressed to them, and facilitating and perfecting 
investments for soldiers. 

The Ibllowing Bankei's, with many others, have been named as 
Agents by the Treasury Department, and can be addressed by 
Mail : 

Jay Cook, Washington and Philadelphia, 

Henry Clews & Co., No. 32 Wall street, New- York, 

Vekmilye & Co., No. 44 AVall street, New-York, 

Clark, Dodge <fc Co., No. 51 Wall street, New-York, 

FiSK & Hatch, No. 88 Wall street, New-Yorlc, 

And the principal National Banks in the several cities. 



U. S. 7-30 LOAN. 



The sale of the first series of $300,000,000 of the 7-30 Loan was completed on 
the 31 st of March, 1865. The sale of the second series of Three Hundred Mil- 
lions, payable three years from the 15th day of June, 1865, was begun on the 1st 
of April. In the short space of thirty days, OVER ONE HUNDRED 
MILLIONS OP THIS SERIES HAVE BEEN SOLD— leaving less than 
Two Hundred Millions to be disposed of. The interest is payable semi-annual- 
ly, in currency, on the 15th of December and 15th of June, by Coupons attach- 
ed to each note, which are readily cashed anywhere. It amounts to 

ONE Cent per day on a $50 NOTE. 

TWO Cents per day on a $100 NOTE. 

TEN Cents per day on a $500 NOTE. 

TWENTY Cents per day on a $1,000 NOTE. 

ONE DOLLAR per day on a $5,000 NOTE. 

The Rebellion is suppressed and the Government has already adopted measures 
to reduce expenditures as rapidly as possible to a peace footing, thus withdrawing 
from market as a borrower and purchaser. 

This is the ONLY LOAN IN MARKET now ofifered by the Government, 
and constitutes the GREAT POPULAR LOAN OF THE PEOPLE. 

The Seven-thirty Notes are convertible on their maturity at the option of the 
holder, into 

U. S. 5-20 SIX PEE CENT. GOLD-BEARING BONDS, 

which are always worth a premium, 

FREE EE.OML TAXATIOlSr. 

The 7-30 Notes cannot be taxed by Towns, Cities, Counties or States, and the 
interest is not taxed, unless on a surplus of the owner's income exceeding six 
hundred dollars a year. This fact increases their value from one to three per 
cent, per annum, according to the rate levied on other property. 

AGENTS OF THE UNITED STATES TREASURY. 



Jay Cook, Washington and Philadelphia, 
Henry Clews & Co., 32 Wall st., New-Tork, 
EisK & Hatch, 38 Wall .street, Ne^y-To^k, 

And the principal National Basks in the several cities. 
New-York, April, 1865. 



Veujiilye & Co., 44 Wall street, New-Tort, 
Clark, Dodge & Co., 51 Wall street, N. Y., 



UIBRBRV OF CONGRESS 
013 764 053 b 



